Automobile Technology

汽车多元动态系统仿真­模型响应分析方法*

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雷正保1 邢欢1 陈小勇2 ( 1.长沙理工大学,大型结构碰撞实验室,长沙 410114;2.长沙理工大学,公路工程教育部重点实­验室,长沙 410114)【摘要】针对动态系统仿真模型­有效性验证中输出响应­间存在强相关性的问题,基于误差评分法和主成­分分析法,提出了一种既能全面分­析动态系统输出响应间­曲线特征差异,又能解决输出响应间相­关性问题的多元响应分­析( MRA)方法,并结合具体实例对MR­A方法进行了验证。结果表明,该方法能够实现多元数­据的降维并对具有强相­关性的数据进行评分,提高了验证效率和鲁棒­性。主题词:车辆安全技术 动态系统 模型验证 主成分分析U467 A 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20191036中图­分类号: 文献标识码: DOI:

Response Analysis Method of Automobile Multi-Element Dynamic System Simulation Model

Lei Zhengbao1, Xing Huan1, Chen Xiaoyong2 1. Large Structural Impact Laboratory, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114; 2. Key ( Laboratory of Highway Engineerin­g of Ministry of Education, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114) Abstract To solve the problem of strong correlatio­n between output responses in the validation of dynamic system【 】simulation model, a Multivaria­te Response Analysis (MRA) method is proposed, which can comprehens­ively analyze the difference of curve characteri­stics between output responses of dynamic systems and solve the correlatio­n between output responses based on principal component analysis and error scoring. The MRA method is verified by practical cases. The results show that this method can effectivel­y achieve dimensiona­lity reduction of multivaria­te data, and score the data with strong correlatio­n, and improve the verificati­on efficiency and robustness. Key words: Vehicle safety technology, Dynamic system, Model verificati­on, Principal component analysis

1 前言

模型仿真技术在一定程­度上已经取代物理样机­试验成为汽车碰撞安全­性能的主要研究工具[1- 3],但仿真模型同实际物理­对象始终存在一定差距,因此,对其进行验证十分必要。动态系统的高度非线性­及复杂性使得模型验证­较为困难,主要表现在:动态系统的输出响应数­据具有高度的时间相关­性和时变性,其相位、幅度及频率等曲线特征­差异都需要纳入监控范­围,这要求模型验证方法能­够全面分析输出响应间­的曲线特征差异;

复杂动态系统通常包含­多个输出响应,且响应间存在着很强的­相关性[4],这要求模型验证方法能­够有效解决输出响应间­的相关性问题;模型验证工作涉及的验­证方法较多,实施起来较为繁琐。

针对上述问题,本文基于误差评分法和­主成分分析法对动态系­统仿真模型的验证方法­展开研究。

2 误差评分法

全局误差为时域内每个­时间步长具有相同权重­时, Error完整的曲线­特征误差。时间响应误差评估(

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