Intelligent Manufacturing，Industrial Agglomeration and Labor Misallocation
（Institute of Quantitative Economics，Huaqiao University，Xiamen 361021，Fujian，China）
Abstract：Improving factor allocation efficiency is an important breakthrough to improve total factor productivity and achieve high-quality economic development. There exists the phenomenon that the current wave of intelligentization will continue to break the original low allocation of labor force. The authors construct the theoretical analysis framework of intelligent manufacturing -- industrial agglomeration-- labor misallocation ，and reveal how intelligent manufacturing and industrial agglomeration can alleviate labor misallocation. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2020 and the "machine replacement" strategy adopted by the manufacturing industry ，the authors also empirically examine the impact of intelligent manufacturing on labor misallocation and the intermediary effect of industrial agglomeration in its transmission process. The results show that intelligent manufacturing has a significant improvement effect on labor misallocation ，and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests. Industrial agglomeration plays a positive mediating role in its transmission process. Intelligent manufacturing can indirectly optimize the labor misallocation by promoting diversified cluster of producer services，high- tech specialization cluster and industrial synergy cluster. Among them ，manufacturing and producer services are the main intermediary channel，accounting for 45.29% of the intermediary effect. Thus，China should，first，increase investment in the core technology of artificial intelligence (AI) to alleviate labor misallocation with the help of intelligent material means of production；second，China should promote the upgrading of education and training system，and improve labor allocation efficiency through labor digitization ；and third，China should scientifically plan the industrial agglomeration model of optimal resource allocation，and support the free flow of labor with the help of industrial agglomeration.
Key words：industrial robot；artificial intelligence；machine replacement；industrial agglomeration；optimal allocation of la⁃
bor force