Sino-Arab relations not only about oil
It’s a misconception that Sino-Arab cooperation is only about oil. As a matter of fact, only a few, such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, of the 22 Arab countries and regions export oil to China. The importance of oil in SinoArab relations has relatively declined in recent years, because the global energy market has changed from a seller’s market to a buyer’s market and China has diversified its energy imports.
As a strategic partner of nine Arab states, China’s cooperation with the Arab world extends to technology, finance, tourism and the aerospace industry. Looking ahead, the Belt and Road Initiative and various development plans proposed by the Arab states, for instance, Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and National Transformation Program 2020, would provide more space for cooperation.
But since China’s growing influence in the Arab world has raised the concerns of the US-led West, it should be made clear that China has neither the capability nor the intention of replacing the United States in the Arab world. The main reasons for the US’ declining influence in the Arab world are Washington’s unpopular policies and moves.
Generally speaking, China and the US have followed two distinct paths in the Arab world. While Beijing has maintained friendly relations with the Arab states and adhered to the policy of non-interference in any country’s internal affairs, Washington has always tried to impose on the Arab states its own set of values, even waged wars that have devastated many a Middle East country. In other words, the US’ influence in the Arab world is waning and China’s is rising because of their respective policies. improve energy security, the two sides should deepen cooperation in the field of energy. Yet Sino-Arab cooperation is focused on trade. To strengthen the bond in energy, the Arab states have to open up their upstream oil and gas operations to China so it can have access to rich oil and gas, and China should open up its downstream oil and gas operations to Arab investment to allow the Arab enterprises to increase their share in the Chinese market.
Second, deeper cooperation in production capacity can help the Arab states to expedite their industrialization. Some Arab states are in dire need of technology, in which China has a lot to offer. For example, China’s labor-intensive technology can help the Arab states reduce the rising unemployment rate, and its high-tech support can boost economic development in the Arab world. In fact, the “1+2+3” cooperation mechanism which President Xi Jinping proposed in 2014 will deepen Sino-Arab cooperation in high-tech, including nuclear energy, aviation satellite and new energy.
Third, the two sides should seek closer cooperation in infrastructure construction, because faster economic development requires good infrastructure support, which many Arab states seem to lack. In fact, China could help the Arab states improve their infrastructure and clear the bottleneck obstructing their economic development.
And fourth, financial cooperation will facilitate the development of the real economy in the Arab world. And deeper Sino-Arab cooperation in the real economy will inevi- tably create a demand for even deeper financial cooperation. the Arab world have facilitated China’s economic development.
Two-way investments have been mutually beneficial. Chinese investments in the Arab states, foreign-aid loans on favorable terms and export credits to the Arab states have given a much-needed impetus to their economic development, while the Arab countries’ investment in China, for instance Saudi Arabia’s investment in petroleum refining infrastructure, has helped develop China’s oil refining industry.
Some have forecast a remarkable increase in China’s influence in the Arab world as the US retreats from the world stage. Yet, despite its waning influence in the Arab world, the US still enjoys many advantages compared with China. Some Arab countries, including the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council and Jordan, have had special ties with the US for decades, while countries such as Saudi Arabia rely on the US for their national security, and this fact is not likely to change any time soon. So it is impossible for China to replace the US in the Arab world regardless of its obvious lack of motivation to do so.