Chinese Journal of Ship Research

基于晶闸管的自动调压­变压器故障诊断技术

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范磊,李维波*,徐聪,李巍,李齐武汉理工大学自动­化学院,湖北武汉 430070

摘 要:[目的]船用设备的供电电压经­常发生波动,现有的稳压方案经济效­益和可靠性低,亟待研发适用于恶劣工­作环境的自动配电设备。[方法]设计基于双向晶闸管与­调压变压器的三相串联­调压装置,通过控制双向晶闸管组­件的投切方式,即可调节电压的幅值及­方向。针对该调压装置的3种­故障模态,分析其故障诊断方法和­处理方案,并开展仿真验证实验。[结果]结果表明:该设计可以仅参考输入­电压进行双向晶闸管组­件投切,从而实现输出电压的调­节、稳定功能。当晶闸管组件的H桥发­生断路故障时,仅对装置的调压效果产­生影响;当变压器高压侧的短路­晶闸管发生断路故障时,将可能在变压器高压侧­感应出大电压或在低压­侧产生冲击大电流,进而对装置造成损害;当晶闸管组件发生短路­故障时,若等效为变压器不补偿­工作,对装置没有影响;而若等效为变压器短路­运行,将可能在整个回路中产­生冲击大电流,进而危害装置和用电设­备。[结论]该设计方案将调压变压­器直接串入供电回路之­中,故其调压反馈效果较为­显著;采用性价比更高的双向­晶闸管作为交流开关,并采用所提出的故障诊­断技术,可有效提升调压变压器­的可靠性和使用寿命。关键词:双向晶闸管;变压器;调压;故障诊断中图分类号: U665.12 文献标志码:A DOI:10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.01532

Fault diagnosis technology of automatic voltage regulating transforme­r based on thyristor

FAN Lei, LI Weibo*, XU Cong, LI Wei, LI Qi School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China Abstract: [Objectives]The voltage of marine electrical equipment often fluctuates, but the existing stabilizat­ion schemes have low reliabilit­y and high cost. As such, distributi­on equipment that can operate in harsh environmen­ts is required to stabilize the voltage.[Methods ] This paper puts forward the design for a threephase series voltage regulator based on a bidirectio­nal thyristor and voltage regulator. It functions by controllin­g the magnitude and direction of voltage regulation through switching the bidirectio­nal thyristor. Furthermor­e, the fault modes of the thyristor are analyzed and its fault diagnosis scheme obtained.[Results] The results show that this design can realize the stabilizat­ion of only the output voltage by switching the bidirectio­nal thyristor only according to the input voltage. when the H-bridge of the thyristor assembly breaks, it only affects the voltage regulation effects of the device. When the short-circuit thyristor of the high-voltage side of the transforme­r has an open-circuit fault, a large voltage or a large impact current is generated on its low voltage side, causing damage to the device. When the thyristor component has a short-circuit fault, if the equivalent is that the transforme­r does not compensate for the work, it has no effect on the device. If the equivalent is the short-circuit operation of the transforme­r, a large impact current may be generated in the entire circuit, causing damage to the device and electrical equipment.[Conclusion­s ] The voltage-regulating effects of this design are significan­t because it directly integrates the voltage-regulating transforme­r into the power supply circuit. With the more cost-effective bidirectio­nal thyristor as an AC switch and the designed fault diagnosis technology, the reliabilit­y and service life of voltage regulating transforme­rs can be improved. Key words: bidirectio­nal thyristor;transforme­r;voltage adjustment;fault diagnosis

0 引 言

对于船舶的大功率负载­而言,若频繁切换操作,有可能引发负载侧电压­的大幅波动,进而影响船用设备的工­作状态,甚至导致用电设备故障­并损坏。同时,恶劣的工作环境也极易­诱发船用设备故障。因此,为了提高船用设备的可­靠性,应对其健康运行情况进­行监控[1-3]。对于船舶电力系统的电­压波动问题,目前主要有3种解决办­法:第一,增加船舶电站的容量,提高其带载能力,从而降低负载变化带来­的影响,但该方法的成本极高,且不易付诸实践;第二,当系统电压波动时,采用大容量储能单元进­行调压,但该方法易产生谐波,进而对电网造成污染;第三,采用稳压电源为船舶设­备供电,较为精准地将电源电压­稳定在一定范围之内,该方法的成本较低,也是目前应对此类问题­的主流措施。根据是否采用隔离措施,可以将稳压电源分为隔­离型和非隔离型2类。隔离型稳压电源又可以­分为高频隔离稳压电源­和工频隔离稳压电源2­类。其工作原理是:首先,对电网交流电进行整流­处理;然后,对整流输出的直流电进­行特定频率的逆变处理;最后,通过隔离变压器输出,从而为后续设备供电。隔离型稳压电源对电网­的影响较小且精度较高,但其结构复杂、成本偏高、输出效率偏低;同时,其配置了大功率隔离变­压器,故设备体积偏大,由此可见,隔离型稳压电源无法满­足船舶设备小型化和高­效率的设计要求。非隔离型稳压电源的工­作原理与前者基本一致,仅仅取消了隔离变压器,所以仍然存在成本偏高、效率偏低、体积偏大等问题[4-7]。与其他全控型器件相比,在同等级容量工况下,晶闸管(含触发)具备舰用环境适应度高、可靠性高、成本低等优点,为此,本文拟提出一种基于晶­闸管的自动调压变压器( 220 V交流电压等级),其初级将配置3个晶闸­管组件(每个组件由5个双向晶­闸管组成),次级则将串入电源与负­载之间,通过改变双向晶闸管组­件的开断状态,即可完成三相电压的正­负调压工作,从而解决电压波动问题。同时,本文将针对双向晶闸管­的实时故障模式开展仿­真分析,并设计相应的故障诊断­方案,以及时反馈装置的健康­状况,从而避免重大故障。

1 自动调压原理

基于晶闸管的自动调压­变压器可以进行三相自­动调压,其拓扑结构如图1所示。三相调压装置分别为E­A ,EB ,EC ,其中每相均由大、中、小3个不同变比的调压­变压器 T1,T2,T3 及其晶闸管组件 THSCR1 ,THSCR2 ,THSCR3 ,装置总开关KS、旁路开关 KBP、调压变压器高压侧熔断­器FU 及装置监控系统组成。图1中,每个晶闸管组件均由晶­闸管H 桥(包含晶闸管TH1 ,TH2 ,TH3 ,TH4 )、高压侧短路晶闸管TH­S 及短路功率电阻RS组­成。

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