宽轴比波束双频带北斗导航天线设计

邓卓林1，尹文禄2，杜奋2，李高升*1

1湖南大学电气与信息工程学院，湖南长沙 410082 2盲信号处理国家级重点实验室，四川成都 610041

摘 要:［目的］为了有效拓宽北斗天线3 dB轴比波束宽度，提出一种加载寄生单元的开槽叠层微带贴片天线。［方法］通过叠层基板结构实现北斗双频带特性，并通过开槽拓宽双频段带宽，在贴片边缘切角实现双频带圆极化；同时在贴片周围加载L形寄生单元来拓宽天线的3 dB轴比波束宽度。［结果］实测和仿真结果吻合度较高，在北斗 B1 和 B2频段的相对带宽为3% 和 7.5%； 3 dB轴比波束宽度可达到180°和 176°；增益最高可达6 dBi。在北斗接收机试验中，天线搜星数量能达到17颗以上，定位精度在米级以内。［结论］所设计的双频带北斗导航天线具有宽轴比波束宽度和高定位精度，研究结果可为小型北斗导航天线的设计提供参考。

关键词：北斗导航天线；双频带；轴比波束宽度；寄生单元；叠层

中图分类号: U666.14文献标志码:A DOI：10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.03203

Design of double band Beidou navigation antenna with wide axial ratio beam

DENG Zhuolin1, YIN Wenlu2, DU Fen2, LI Gaosheng*1

1 College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China 2 National Key Laboratory of Blind Signal Processing, Chengdu 610041, China

Abstract: ［Objectives］In order to effectively broaden the beam width of the 3 dB axis ratio of a Beidou antenna, this paper proposes a slotted laminated microstrip patch antenna loaded with parasitic elements. ［Methods］The Beidou dual frequency band feature is realized through a two-layer substrate structure. The bandwidth is widened by slotting. Circular polarized radiation is achieved by cutting corners at the edge of the patch. At the same time, L-shaped parasitic elements are loaded around the patch to broaden the 3 dB axial ratio beam width of the antenna.［Results］The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. The relative bandwidths of the antenna in the Beidou B1 and B2 bands are 3% and 7.5%. The beam width of the 3 dB axis ratio can reach 180° and 176°, and the maximum gain can reach 6 dBi. In the Beidou receiver test, the number of antenna satellites can reach more than 17, and the positioning accuracy is within meters. ［Conclusions］This paper proposes and validates a high-precision positioning dual band Beidou navigation antenna with wide axis ratio beam width. The results can provide references for the design of small Beidou navigation antennas.

Key words: beidou navigation antenna；dual band；axial ratio beam width；parasitic unit；multi-store航系统，标志着我国全球导航卫星系统（ global 0 引 言navigation satellite system, GNSS）正式完善。北斗我国在 2020年正式开通了北斗三号卫星导 系统为舰船自主导航定位提供了高精度技术手

收稿日期: 2022–12–06 修回日期: 2023–03–08 网络首发时间: 2023–04–07 14:22

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2021YFC2203503）

作者简介: 邓卓林，男，1998 年生，硕士生。研究方向：天线理论与技术。E-mail：dengzhuolin@hnu.edu.cn尹文禄，男，1980年生，博士，高级工程师。研究方向：天线、信号处理技术，电磁防护，电波传播等

杜奋，男，1984年生，硕士，工程师。研究方向：空基信号接收系统总体设计，电磁信号接收技术等

李高升，男，1980年生，博士，教授。研究方向：天线理论与技术，电磁兼容与防护技术。

E-mail：gaosheng7070@163.com

*通信作者:李高升

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