高乌头药材常规项检查及高乌甲素、冉乌头碱含量测定

张立军1，戴海蓉 1，樊秦 2，夏鹏飞 2，沈秉学 1，李芸 1

1.甘肃中医药大学，甘肃 兰州 730000；2.甘肃省高校中藏药化学与质量研究省级重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730000摘要：目的 对高乌头药材进行常规项检查并测定高乌甲素、冉乌头碱含量，为建立高乌头药材质量标准提供参考。方法 采集不同产地高乌头药材，采用薄层色谱法进行定性鉴别，按药典水分测定法（烘干法）、灰分测定法、浸出物测定法测定水分、灰分和浸出物，采用 HPLC 测定高乌甲素和冉乌头碱含量。结果 薄层色谱斑点清晰，分离度好；暂定高乌头药材中水分、总灰分及酸不溶性灰分分别不得过11.0%、12.0%、7.0%，水溶性浸出物和醇溶性浸出物分别不少于 18.2%、10.6%；高乌头药材中冉乌头碱和高乌甲素含量分别不少于

0.125%、0.815%。结论 本研究所建立的方法准确可靠，可用于高乌头药材质量评价。关键词：高乌头；常规检查；高效液相色谱法；高乌甲素；冉乌头碱

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2017.11.015

中图分类号：R284.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5304(2017)11-0063-04

Routine Examination of Aconitum sinomontanum Lappacontine and Ranaconitine Nakai and Content Determination of

ZHANG Li-jun1, DAI Hai-rong1, FAN Qin2, XIA Peng-fei2, SHEN Bing-xue1, LI Yun1 (1. Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese (Tibetan) Medicines of Colleges of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China)

Abstract: Objective To study the routine examination of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and determine the contents of lappacontine and ranaconitine; To provide basis for establishing the quality standard of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai. Methods Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were collected from different areas. A method of TLC was used for qualitative discrimination. The methods in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were adopted for the determination of moisture content, ash content and extractives. Determination of lappacontine and ranaconitine were performed by HPLC. Results The TLC showed that the spots were clear and the separation was good. Individual provisional standards: the moisture, total ash and acid-insoluble ash content of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were not more than 11.0%, 12.0%, and 7.0%, respectively; water soluble and alcohol soluble extractives were not less than 18.2% and 10.6%, respectively. The content of ranaconitine and lappacontine in Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were not less than 0.125% and 0.815%, respectively. Conclusion The method established by the study is accurate and reliable, and can be used for quality evaluation of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai.

Key words: Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai; routine examination; HPLC; lappacontine; ranaconitine

高乌头为毛茛科乌头属植物高乌头 Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai的根，又名麻布七、辫子七、破骨七等，是我国甘肃等中西部地区民间习用中药，也

是著名“七药”之一[1]，具有祛风除湿、理气止痛、活血散瘀的功效，用于治疗风湿痹痛、关节肿痛、跌打劳伤等。现代药理研究表明，高乌头具有镇痛、抗炎、解热、局部麻醉、抗心律失常、抗氧化、杀虫等

广泛的药理作用[2-4]，临床上常用于治疗类风湿关节

基金项目：国家自然科学基金（81560650）；甘肃省自然科学

基金（1107RJZA242）

通讯作者：李芸，E-mail：liyunherb@163.com

炎及局部镇痛[5-6]。高乌头的主要活性成分为二萜生

物碱[7]，其中以高乌甲素和冉乌头碱的含量最高[8]，而活性成分之一高乌甲素已开发出不同剂型并应用

于临床[9]。高乌头为我国特有植物，在北方地区有着丰富的资源分布，目前甘肃地区引种驯化成功、大量生产和应用，现已成为甘肃地产大宗商品药材。高乌头收载

于《甘肃省中药材标准》（2009 年版）[10]，现有的标准尚不完善，既无常规项检查，也无含量测定项。为此，本试验采用常规项检查及高乌甲素、冉乌头碱含量对其进行质量评价，以保证临床用药安全有效，并为高乌头药材质量标准的制订和完善提供参考。