CJI (Traditional Chinese Medicine)
榜那-铁棒锤药材名称与基源考证
赵梅宇,宋良科,任瑶瑶,谭睿西南交通大学生命科学与工程学院,四川 成都 610031
摘要:目的 通过榜那-铁棒锤的名称与基源考证,为榜那-铁棒锤药材的可追溯性和保障用药安全有效提供依据。方法 以榜那的藏医典籍考证为基础,结合本草学与现代各级中(藏)药规范,即用文献考证法、药材名称解读法及植物分类方法进行综合分析。结果 《四部医典》收载有毒药物榜阿那保,《晶珠本草》按药物毒性或颜色将榜阿那保分为5种,认为其效用各异,并同时收载生长在阴山或产于汉地的相似有毒药物朗青切土(铁棒锤);榜阿那保基源涉及毛茛科乌头属10余种植物的块根。结论 经考证,榜那(ངོངནག 藏语音译名)是榜阿那保中最具毒性的一种,现亦名铁棒锤(中药名),为汉、藏、蒙民族均应用较广的抗炎、镇痛、局麻药物,其基源为毛茛科植物铁棒锤 Aconitum pendulum Busch、伏毛铁棒锤 Aconitum. flavum Hand.-Mazz 的干燥块根。
关键词:榜那(ངོངནག);榜阿那保;铁棒锤;生药考证DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2018.11.002 中图分类号:R282.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2018)11-0006-04 Textual Research on Name and Base Resource of Bangna-Tiebangchui ZHAO Mei-yu, SONG Liang-ke, REN Yao-yao, TAN Rui College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Abstract: Objective To provide basis for the traceability and safty of Bangna-Tiebangchui according to textual research on the name and base resource of Bangna-Tiebangchui. Methods On the basis of literature textual research, combining herbal and modern Chinese (Tibetan) medicine specifications, literature research, medicinal name interpretation method and plant classification method were used for comprehensive analysis. Results Si Bu Yi Dian records toxic herb medicine of Banganabao. Jing Zhu Ben Cao divides Banganabao into five kinds with different types of efficacy according toxicity and colors, and records Langqingqietu (Tiebangchui) with similar toxicity from Yin Mountain or Han Areas. Base resource of Banganabao includes ten kinds of ranunculaceae aconitum plants.
Conclusion Bangna (ངོངནག Tibetan transliteration) is the most toxic kind of Banganabao according to textual research, which is also named as Tiebangchui (TCM name) now. Bangna is widely used in anti-inflammation, analgesia, and local anesthesia, which base resource is Aconitum pendulum Busch and dry roots of A. flavum Hand.-Mazz.
Keywords: Bangna(ངོངནག); Banganabao; Tiebangchui; base resoure
榜阿那保-榜那(藏语:ངོངནག)最早收载于公元八世纪的藏医学巨著《四部医典》,为藏医常用有毒药材,生于阴地或产自汉地。《蓝琉璃》《甘露之滴》《晶珠本草》等均有记载,具有驱寒止痛、祛风定惊功效。铁棒锤亦称雪上一支蒿,始载《本草纲目拾遗》,用于去一切积滞、沉痼阴寒等疾。由于榜那为 2015年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)十二味翼首散、二十五味珊瑚丸、十五味乳鹏丸、七 基金项目:国家科技重大专项—重大新药创制(20142X0930430700)通讯作者:谭睿,E-mail:tanrui@swjtu.edu.cn 十味珍珠丸等现代藏成药的主要原料药物之一[1]。其药物名称来自藏语音译名,《中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准·藏药(第一册)》规定其汉语药物名称为铁棒锤,来源为毛茛科植物铁棒锤 A.pendulum、伏毛
铁棒锤 A. flavum 的干燥块根[2]。由于藏、汉药物名称的差异和文字互译的不一致,加之药物名称与其基源植物中文名称的不统一,如藏语音译名有榜那、榜阿那保-庞阿那保、朗青切土、曼钦,中药名铁棒锤、雪上一枝蒿,药用植物中文名铁棒锤、伏毛铁棒锤、短柄乌头、曲毛短柄乌头、展毛短柄乌头、多裂乌头等同物异名或同名异物现象十分严重,导致药材市场榜那、铁棒锤、雪上一枝蒿、草乌药材商品交叉混淆