Research on Shipborne Emergency Communication Technology and System Validation
TAN Qikun1, JIN Shangxi2
(1.China Academy of Electronic Science, Beijing 100041, China; 2.China Institute of Ocean Information Technology, Lingshui 572427, China)
Abstract: This article studies maritime emergency communication technology and explores the key technologies required to build China's shipborne emergency communication system. Firstly, an analysis was conducted on the current status of emergency communication technology at sea, followed by an introduction to wireless communication technology, satellite communication technology, emergency perception technology, and emergency communication scheduling technology for shipborne emergency communication. On this basis, a design scheme for shipborne emergency communication system and a modular design approach for communication payload were proposed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the onboard emergency communication system were verified through experiments. The research results indicate that the shipborne emergency communication system meets the needs of maritime emergency communication and can cooperate with shore based emergency communication systems to form an integrated emergency communication scheme of "space, space, and sea".
Key words: maritime emergency communication; maritime distress search and rescue; maritime communication perception; stable platform; GMDSS; shipborne communication technology
海上应急通信场景具有时间突发性、地点不确定性、容量需求不确定性、信息多样性以及环境复杂性等特点，海上应急通信效率及通信的可靠性直接影响到待救援人员的生命和财产安全。本文通过探讨海上应急通信现状，对船载应急通信及关键技术进行研究，开展船载应急通信系统设计，并对船载应急通信系统进行验证。
1 海上应急通信技术现状
国际海事组织（ IMO ）建立了GMDSS海上全
球性的通信搜救系统[1]，该系统主要由卫星通信系
统——INMARSAT（海事卫星通信系统）和COS_PAS SARSAT（极地轨道卫星搜救系统）、地面无线电通信系统（即海岸电台）以及海上安全信息播发系统三
大部分构成。GMDSS作为遇险报警、协调平台及常规
通信平台，其现场通信依赖于VHF/HF/MF无线电岸
台、船台，作用范围受限且受干扰影响大，难以体系化地发挥作用[2]。中国加入国际海事组织的SOLAS公约
后，沿用其海上应急通信技术，尚未形成自主完整的海洋应急通信体系。
2 船载应急通信关键技术
文献[3]就海上应急通信技术提出了“空天地海”一体化应急通信网络构想，将天基、空基、陆基、海基网络联合在一起，构成海上应急通信网络，主要包括卫星通信、短波/超短波通信、移动通信、可见光通信、水下通信等。
2.1 应急通信技术
船载应急通信技术须适应海洋环境、具备应急通信能力，其关键技术包括以下几方面。