Lebanon’s fight to combat increasing suicide rates
Her trainers beating down on the pavement along Beirut’s seafront, Nour Safieddine, 24, cuts past strollers ambling in the evening sun. In her bright pink t-shirt, she is running to survive.
“I run to carry on, so life can smile at me even if it made me cry — or in fact, not to die after the thought of suicide crept into my head,” the journalist and graduate student said.
In Lebanon, mental health and suicide have long been deeply taboo subjects, with both major religions in the tiny country — Islam and Christianity — condemning the taking of one’s own life.
But one in three adults in Lebanon will develop a mental disorder by the age of 75, a 2008 study found.
The small Mediterranean country has been rocked by decades of war and weathered endless political crises in recent years as it fights to stave off an economic meltdown.
To shake the mould and help save lives, Lebanese like Safieddine are speaking up.
The sudden deaths of her sister and father around one year ago sent her into depression, but running has helped pull her out. In May, she bravely shared her own struggle with depression on social post.
“I decided I had to give positive energy to these people and remind them life is worth living and they deserve to live,” said the athlete who was surprised by the positive response.
“I felt like my experience was the experience of many people who hadn’t dared to speak up about what they were going through,” she said.
The issue has been getting a wave of attention in Lebanon in recent weeks amid concern over rising suicides. The first seven months of this year alone have seen 89 suicides in Lebanon, compared with 143 for all of 2017, according to Lebanon’s security forces. This year’s rate amounts to roughly one suicide every two and a half days, but social norms in Lebanon may mean suicides are underreported.
“You have families who said, because of stigma, that he fell,” said Nour Kik of the health ministry’s mental health program.
To fight rising numbers, a group of mental health professionals and volunteers launched Lebanon’s first suicide prevention hotline in late 2017. The Embrace Lifeline has received around 600 calls since last November, said Omar Ghosn, a psychiatrist and board member of the Embrace association behind it. In a small, bright office in downtown Beirut, around 45 volunteers work in shifts to receive phone calls from people in distress, but also worried relatives or friends.
“Callers are women and men of all ages,” but teenagers especially rely on the service, said Sally, a hotline volunteer.
“I’ve had a lot of calls from elderly men,” said the 22-yearold psychology student.
Without work or a pension, “most call upset because they’re struggling to provide themselves with food, drink — or even a home.”
But vulnerable groups in Lebanon also include around 1 million Syrian refugees who fled the seven-year war in their neighboring homeland.
A 2014 World Health Organization report found that 41 percent of Syrian youth in Lebanon have sometimes or often contemplated suicide.
Fadi, a 37-year-old Syrian volunteer, said he often feels callers have never had anyone empathise with them. He talks them through problems, trying to highlight their achievements, he said. Though “sometimes, they just need someone to listen to them cry.”
Fadi is determined to speak out, after witnessing a crowd egg on a suicidal Syrian man threatening to throw himself off a Beirut cliff in April.
“They were eating sunflower seeds and watching the scene as if they were watching a movie at the cinema,” he said.
Fadi gained the man’s trust by throwing him his coat, and managed to coax him off the edge. He is also trying to raise awareness individually. His gym coach, who initially did not want to talk about the taboo topic, is now helping spread the word.
“Now he’s the one telling everybody: By the way, there’s a suicide hotline in Lebanon. The number is 1564,” said Fadi.
Authorities say they are working on preventing suicides, including through better access to mental healthcare.
“Ninety percent of persons who attempt suicide have a mental disorder that can be treated,” said Kik of the health ministry’s mental health program launched in 2014.
“We are working on making services more available, accessible and affordable.”
But Safieddine’s coping mechanism is still running. She has completed a half-marathon and is working on improving her time.
“I run for freedom. I run for life. I run for myself. I run for my pain. And I run for those like me,” she said.