Images reveal activity at closed nuclear testing site

Commercial satellite imagery shows construction at North Korea’s nuclear testing site for the first time since it was closed in 2018, US-based analysts said yesterday, amid fears the country could resume testing major weapons.

Images captured by satellite showed very early signs of activity at the site, including construction of a new building, repair of another building, and what is possibly some timber and sawdust, specialists at the California-based James Martin Centre for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) said in a report.

“The construction and repair work indicate that North Korea has made some decision about the status of the test site,” the report said.

Punggye-ri has been closed since North Korea declared a self-imposed moratorium on nuclear weapons tests in 2018.

Leader Kim Jong-un, however, has said he no longer felt bound by that moratorium because denuclearisation talks had stalled.

At the time, North Korea said it was closing the site’s tunnels with explosions, blocking its entrances, and removing all observation facilities, research buildings and security posts.

It invited a handful of foreign media to observe the demolition, but refused to allow international inspectors.

After Pyongyang’s ninth missile launch of the year on Sunday, South Korea’s National Security Council said it was monitoring North Korea’s nuclear and missile-related facilities more closely, including its main nuclear reactor facility at Yongbyon and the Punggye-ri nuclear weapons test site, without elaborating.

The CNS analysts said the changes at Punggye-ri occurred only in the past few days, and it was still difficult to conclude what precisely was being built or why.

“One possibility is that North Korea plans to bring the test site back to a state of readiness to resume nuclear explosive testing,” the report said.

The CNS analysts cautioned that the test site is many months, maybe years, from being ready for new nuclear explosions.

“How long it would take North Korea to resume explosive testing at the site depends on the extent of the damage to the tunnels themselves, something we do not know with confidence,” they wrote in the report.

“It is also possible that North Korea will resume nuclear testing at another location.”

Punggye-ri is North Korea’s only known nuclear test site. It conducted six nuclear weapons tests in tunnels at the site from 2006 to 2017.

Talks aimed at persuading North Korea to surrender its arsenal of nuclear weapons and long-range ballistic missiles have been stalled since 2019. The United States said it was open to talks without preconditions, but North Korea said Washington and its allies would first have to stop their “hostile policies”.