First aircraft carrier since WWII unveiled
Helicopter ship upgraded to take fighter jets as regional tensions simmer
Japan has completed the initial upgrades to its warship Kaga, transforming one of the largest vessels in the Maritime Self-Defence Force fleet from a helicopter carrier to the country’s first full aircraft carrier since World War II.
The upgraded ship, now capable of deploying the vertical takeoff variant of the F-35 Lightning II stealth fighter, will be a welcome addition to the Japanese arsenal, analysts say – although the Kaga alone will not be a game changer amid rising regional tensions.
“One weapons system or warship will not change the entire military equation in Japan’s favour, but the advanced aircraft that it will carry will certainly give it greater capabilities,” said Robert Dujarric, co-director of the Institute of Contemporary Asian Studies at the Tokyo campus of Temple University.
“The broader advantage it will provide is the greater ability to operate and interact with US and other forces in the region, giving Japan some of the same toys as the big boys.”
The Kaga was unveiled to Japanese media on Monday at Kure naval base in Hiroshima prefecture. With a displacement of 27,433 tonnes fully loaded and a length of 814 feet, the 115 billion yen (HK$5.9 billion) vessel was originally launched in 2015 as the second in the Izumo class of helicopter carriers – the largest warships Japan has built since the end of the second world war.
In 2018, the Japanese government announced that due to changes in the security situation in Northeast Asia, the two vessels would undergo significant changes enabling them to deploy Lockheed Martin F-35B fighters, instead of eight helicopters.
Changes made to date include a redesign of the bow section and the addition of a new heat-resistant coating to protect the deck from the extreme temperatures generated when the F-35B’s engines are angled downwards to enable it to take off and land.
Ryo Hinata-Yamaguchi, an assistant professor of international relations at the University of Tokyo, said questions remained over how the Self-Defence Forces would deploy the Kaga, which bears the same name as an aircraft carrier deployed in the attack on Pearl Harbour in December 1941 and sunk in the Battle of Midway six months later.
“The F-35Bs will be operated by the Air Self-Defence Force so they will not be permanently based on the Kaga or the Izumo and operating from these ships will be just one of their missions,” he said.
“It’s not clear at the moment the operational concept behind the Kaga as an aircraft carrier, whether the mission is to obtain control of a sea area or to defend amphibious units,” Hinata-Yamaguchi said. “I would lean towards the latter, as Japan does not have expeditionary forces like the US.”
He also questioned how effective the refitted Kaga would be, given that it was not originally designed as a full aircraft carrier and would only be able to carry a limited number of F-35Bs.
“The fighters on the Kaga will give the MSDF [Japan’s navy] other options, but the effect will still be quite limited,” he said.
He said the refitted carrier would not unduly worry China, which already has three large aircraft carriers in operation, with a fourth set to be unveiled soon.
“The Chinese military will not see this new capability as a threat but perhaps an obstacle if they do get orders to try to take more territory in the South China Sea or the Senkaku Islands,” he said, using the Japanese name for a group of uninhabited islets in the East China Sea that Tokyo administers but Beijing claims as the Diaoyu Islands.
Dujarric added that the greatest impact of both the Kaga and the Izumo returning to active operations after their upgrades would be the “cumulative effect” it offered to Japan and its allies.