THE 16 GREATEST MUSICAL TRAVELLERS
MARK JONES sings the praises of some of the world’s greatest wandering musicians
From Ravi Shankar to Alicia Keys, MARK JONES waxes lyrical about the world’s greatest itinerant musicians
‘Asong is like a dream, and you try to make it come true,’ Bob Dylan once wrote. ‘ They’re like strange countries that you have to enter.’ Then the song is done, and for the listener, you are either taken along on the journey to see that strange country – or you stay at home.
If it’s the greatest songwriter of all – that’d be Bob Dylan, according to Rolling Stone magazine and probably 90 per cent of music critics – then there’s no question. You go. In Dylan’s songs, you might go to real places: a market place in Savanna-laMar, drinking white rum in a Portugal bar in his plaintive travelogue Sara. Or it might be the mysterious land of One More Cup of Coffee, populated by knife-wielding elders and soothsaying daughters.
But above all Dylan is a traveller in the American heartlands. ‘Some people, they tell me,’ he sings in I Feel a Change Comin’ On, ‘I got the blood of the land in my voice.’
Most great artists sing of their place and their time. But in this article, part of our Clockenflap festival special, we’re doing something different: we’re celebrating the great musical travellers, the artists who went out to find the world and brought it back in their lyrics and melodies.
唱作人Bob Dylan曾寫道︰「一首歌就像一個夢，一個你渴望成真的夢，亦像你極想踏足的奇異國度。」歌曲完成後，的聽過 人都隨著旅程被帶到那個奇異的，國度 除非你聽完之後無動於衷。
如果那首歌是由史上最偉大的作曲家所作（根據《滾石》雜誌及九成流行樂評人的看法，那一定是Bob Dylan無疑） ，那麼你一定會受到牽動，神遊那些地方。Dylan的歌曲中有真的實 地方，例如在〈Sara〉曲中傷的感 遊記裡，你會來到牙買加Savanna-la-Mar城，市在 集上的葡萄牙式酒吧小酌白冧酒；或者前往〈One More Cup of Coffee〉中提到的神秘土地，那裡住著手執刀杖的老者及能預未卜 來的女子。
不過， Bob Dylan留下最多足印的，始終是他的家鄉美。國 他在〈I Feel a Change Comin’On〉唱道︰「有人告訴我我，的歌聲中帶著這片大地的。精粹 」
許多偉大的音樂人以歌聲唱出他們對故土及時代的感情。但在這篇香港Clockenflap音樂節專題文章中，另我們 闢蹊徑，揚表 多位偉大的音樂旅人；他遊們 歷四，方 並將所見所聞注入歌詞與旋。律中
1 RAVI SHANKAR
(1920-2012) Ravi Shankar was the most revered Hindustani classical musician of his time. He was sometimes bemused and even annoyed by the hippy audiences who flocked to his performances, inspired by his friend George Harrison. But he remained interested in the possibilities of marrying the Western and Indian traditions through his performances and compositions alongside conductor André Previn and violinist Yehudi Menuhin – as well as his Beatle fan (see George Harrison).
已故的Ravi Shankar是他那個年代地位最尊崇的印度斯坦古典音樂家。由於披頭四成員George Harrison是他的，好友因此吸引大批嬉皮士樂迷一窩蜂去他看的演出他， 對此事感到大惑不解，甚至覺得煩擾。不過他卻一直有興趣將印度傳統音樂與西方音樂結合融會，曾與指揮家André Previn、提小 琴家Yehudi Menuhin和他的樂迷披頭四看（參 下文George Harrison一段）同台，演出以及合作新曲，促進印、西樂壇的。交流
2 JOÃO GILBERTO
(1931-) American guitarist Charlie Byrd brought back more than coffee from his trip to Brazil in the late 1950s. There, he’d encountered bossa nova, a beat and a rhythmic plucking style he would adopt in a landmark collaboration with the West Coast saxophonist Stan Getz. That led Getz to link up with the man who invented bossa nova: Brazilian guitarist João Gilberto. The opening song on their album, The Girl
from Ipanema, would become synonymous with the soft, commercialised version of bossa nova. The highly idiosyncratic Gilberto, known simply in Brazil as O Mito
(‘ The Legend’) would continue to follow his own winding path between jazz, pop and the musical style he made his own.
1950年代末，美國結他手Charlie Byrd前往巴西一行之後，帶回家鄉的，手信 除了咖啡之外，還有bossa nova。這是一種獨特的節奏與撥弦方式，用他採 這種曲風跟西岸色士風手Stan Getz合奏，打方此 開一片音樂新天地。Getz亦因此結識了開創bossa nova曲風的音樂人João Gilberto。
二人攜手製作專輯，開頭第一首歌曲〈The Girl from Ipanema〉自此成為經典，亦成為曲風柔和、經過商業化演繹的bossa nova的同義詞。，此後 在巴西有O Mito（即「傳物奇人 」）之稱的João Gilberto繼續游走於爵、士樂 流行音樂及自己開創的bossa nova音樂風格之間為，成 樂壇上別樹一幟的人物。
3 CELIA CRUZ
(1925-2003)
Not all musical travellers move between countries by choice. The singer Celia Cruz was not allowed back into her native Cuba after the 1959 revolution. But few artists have carried their country’s music as successfully as she did. First in Mexico and then in the US, Cruz became the most popular Latin artist of the 20th century, taking rhumba, son and mambo into the mainstream.
音樂旅人游走各國，但並非每一位都出於自願，歌手Celia Cruz在1959年的古巴革命後被逐出國。不過沒多少音樂人能跟她一樣，將家鄉的音樂如此發揚。光大 她先將古巴音樂帶到墨，西哥 然後是美。國 她成為世20 紀最受歡迎的拉丁歌手，將倫巴、頌樂及曼波帶進主流音樂。
4 MILES DAVIS
(1926-1991)
In 1949, jazz trumpeter Miles Davis travelled to Paris, where he found himself feted as the true artist he was – and in the arms of his Left Bank muse Juliette Gréco. That European cool materialised in his response to the ‘hot’ rhythms of swing and bebop. And as a true artist, he continued to travel – through genres and geographically, as in Sketches of Spain, the extraordinary 1959 reinterpretation of Joaquín Rodrigo’s Concierto de Aranjuez.
爵士小號手Miles Davis於1949年前往巴黎演奏，獲得當地人熱烈捧場，讓他受到藝術家應有崇的尊 。他於當地逅自邂 來 左岸的演員兼歌手Juliet te Gréco，後來更成為他的情與人 音樂上的繆思。他在洲歐將冷爵士樂融入搖擺及咆勃爵士樂的「火熱」節奏中，爵創出 士樂新風格。這位真正的藝術家並未就此停步，依然繼續穿梭於不同曲風及地域之間。他於1959年推出的經典專輯《Sketches of Spain》就， 是將西班牙作曲家Joaquín Rodrigo的協奏曲〈Concierto de Aranjuez〉重新演繹，效果精絕采 倫。
5 TORU TAKEMITSU
武滿徹
(1930-1996)
The post-war Japanese composer and theorist made his name with the quintessential Western form: his 1957 Requiem. He gradually embraced his native music with the encouragement of his mentor, John Cage, and ‘recognised the value of my own tradition’. He reached a wide audience with his film scores, including Akira Kurosawa’s 1985 period tragedy Ran, but continued to explore, culturally and musically: his 1981 work
Dreamtime was inspired by a visit to a gathering of indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory.
武滿徹是戰後日本作曲家及理論家，他於1957年推出〈安魂曲日而成名，這個作品是典的樂型 西 形式。他後來受恩師John Cage鼓逐勵， 漸回歸日本音樂的懷抱，並「領悟自身傳統的價。值」 他曾替多部電影創作音樂而為識廣 人 ，其中括黑澤明於1985年成拍 的古裝悲劇《亂。》此後，他繼續探索不同的文化及音樂形式，曾到訪澳洲北領地的原住民社區，並以此為靈於感， 1981年作響作創交樂品〈Dreamtime日。
6 HUGH MASEKELA
(1939-2018) The young boy playing piano in an illegal bar for miners in apartheid South Africa would soon acquire some pretty impressive sponsors. Louis Armstrong sent him a trumpet. Yehudi Menuhin secured him a place at London’s Guildhall School of Music. Harry Belafonte sponsored him in the US. Chart hits, high-profile collaborations and rockstar excess followed. After his 1987 Nelson Mandela inspired song Bring Him Back Home came joyfully true, Masekela cleaned up, returned home and spent his later years uniting the sounds of the African continent through his magical trumpet playing. ( Turn to page 101 for details of his live concert onboard)
在南非仍未廢除種族隔離制度年的 代，這個小伙子在非法酒吧彈鋼琴，聽眾全是礦工。不久他就獲得好幾位赫赫有名的人幫︰助 Louis Armstrong送他一支小號； Yehudi Menuhin助他入讀倫敦市政廳音樂學院； Harry Belafonte資他助 在美國的生活。他作了多首高踞流行榜曲的金 ，亦曾與多位著名音樂人合作，後來又長時間藥濫。他受曼德拉啟發於1987年創作的〈歌曲 Bring Him Back Home日終於成為事實後，成功戒掉毒癮，重返家鄉年。晚 以神乎其技的小號吹奏及編曲技巧，將非洲大陸上多姿多采的音樂共冶爐一 。（參看101頁機上播放他的現場音樂會詳情）
7 PAUL SIMON
(1941-)
If Paul Simon’s career had ended after he and Art Garfunkel broke up in 1970, he’d have gone down as one of America’s most affecting musical portraitists – and the man behind the all-time anthem of lonely young travellers, Homeward Bound. But he went on to explore new beats and routes. His fateful decision to record with the South African a cappella group Ladysmith Black Mambazo resurrected his career and created one of the bestselling crossover albums of all time: 1986’s Graceland. Why ‘fateful’? Because his decision to break the cultural boycott imposed on the apartheid regime still enrages some musicians to this day – even if no one ever questions Simon’s motivation was anything other than purely musical, nor the magic of the resulting tracks.
如果Paul Simon的音樂生涯在與他 Ar t Gar funkel於1970年拆夥後就終此 結，世人對他的印象想必是擅最 長以音樂來抒情寫景的美國音樂家，以及那首道盡年輕旅人孤寂心聲的〈Homeward Bound日。但他卻繼續探索出新的音樂節奏和路線，並作了一個影響深遠的決定於︰ 1986年推出與南非無伴奏合唱團Ladysmith Black Mambazo合作的《專輯 Graceland》樂，為壇帶來一張歷來銷量數一數二的跨類型專輯之餘，音樂事業亦東山再起。為何說「影 響深遠」？因為他這個決，定 打破了外界對施行種族隔離政策的南非政府進行的文化抵制，有部分音樂人對這件事至今仍然忿忿不平。，沒不過 從來 有人懷疑他的動機超對出 音樂的探索，沒也 有否人 定那些歌曲的魅力。
8 GEORGE HARRISON
(1943-2001) Paul McCartney had the English whimsy, John Lennon the American rock’n’roll edge. But it was The Quiet Beatle who ventured furthest from their Liverpool hometown in search of enlightenment and musical inspiration. His friendship with Ravi Shankar introduced Indian philosophy and music to the Woodstock generation; and his charity Concert for Bangladesh brought developed and developing worlds together almost 15 years before Live Aid.
Paul McCartney的作品洋溢英式的異想天開風格，而John Lennon則走美式搖滾路線。至於這位「沉 的披頭」卻是為追尋靈性上的啟迪和音樂靈感而離開故鄉利物浦最遠的披頭成四 員。他與Ravi Shankar的友誼，將度學印 哲 及音樂帶給胡士托一代的樂迷。他主辦的援助孟加拉慈善演唱會為發達國家與發展中國家築起橋樑，比巨星義助非洲的慈善演唱會《Live Aid》早了差不多年15 。
9 JONI MITCHELL
(1943-) Joni’s journey from repressive smalltown Canada to the New York folk scene and hippie Laurel Canyon domestic bliss is well documented in her songs (no one documents more faithfully). But then she escaped California to find a new self, musically and spiritually. And it was in a resort on the Greek island of Crete that she bid her immortal farewell to the backpacking life in Carey (‘I’m sad to leave but it’s really not my home/I miss my clean white linen and French cologne’).
Joni從封閉保守的加拿大小鎮出發前， 往紐約，成為民謠界明星後， 來在加州的嬉皮士樂園Laurel Canyon峽谷定居。這個旅程統統記載在她的歌曲中，沒有記人的錄她比 更忠了實 。但她後來亦離開加州前往異地在， 音樂和靈性層面上發掘全新的自我。她在希臘克里特島上的度假村寫下流後傳 世的〈Carey日，背向 生道客 涯別：「I’m sad to leave but it’s really not my home / I miss my clean white linen and French cologne」（我著懷 離愁別緒而但去， 這裡並非吾家 /我想念我的潔白床單和法國古龍。水）
10 RY COODER
(1947-) Cooder is one of our most intrepid and influential traveller/collaborators. He worked with the great Malian musician Ali Farka Touré in 1994. But it was his 1997 album, The Buena Vista Social Club, that created one of the most heartwarming music stories of recent years. As recorded in Wim Wenders’ fine documentary of the same name, Cooder brought a bunch of 1940s Cuban son musicians out of retirement to record the album. They’d go on to tour – and charm – the world.
Cooder是當代一位非常勇於創新與深具影響力的旅人/合作夥伴。他於1994年與出色的馬里音樂人Ali Farka Touré合作，帶來別開生的面 新音樂。，不過 他於1997年推出的專輯《The Buena Vista Social Club》卻，寫下近年最溫暖感人的音樂故事。在導演Wim Wenders的紀精采 錄片《樂滿夏灣拿》裡，看我們到Cooder邀請多位1940年代的古巴頌樂音樂人重出江湖的。片他段 們一起巡迴演出，令世人陶醉在他們的歌聲裡。
11 BOB MARLEY
(1945-1981)
Following an assassination attempt in 1976, Bob Marley fled his native Jamaica and made a new life in London. His exile album, Exodus, had flavours of US and British rock and funk. But it was Marley’s version of reggae that would conquer the world, influencing everyone from Stevie Wonder to The Police, The Clash and Lauryn Hill (who had five children with Marley’s son Rohan).
Bob Marley在1976年險遭槍殺後離開家鄉牙加買 ，敦到倫 展開新生。活 他流亡異鄉時創作的專輯《Exodus》，美帶有 國和英倫的搖滾及放克音樂的。味道 但Bob Marley的雷鬼音樂，才是征服全球樂迷的武器。Stevie Wonder、The Police、The Clash及Lauryn Hill（她與Bob Marley兒子Rohan育有五名子女）等音樂人的，創作 均他受到的。影響
12 ROBERT PLANT
(1948-)
Like many of the British rock gods – and he was the most godlike – Plant was inspired by the bluesmen of America’s south. But in the 1970s, he strapped on his backpack and his musical travels – especially in Morocco – culminated in the epic track, Kashmir. When he and guitarist Jimmy Page reunited for MTV’s Unplugged in 1994 it was with an Egyptian orchestra as their backing band. Robert Plant可說是英倫搖滾天王中的天王他，但 亦一如其他搖滾天王，美向 國南部的藍調樂手取經。但在1970年代他，揹卻上背，包踏上音樂征途，將摩洛哥等地的音樂精華，淬煉成顛峰之作〈Kashmir〉。1994年，他跟結手他 Jimmy Page在MTV音樂頻道的節目《Unplugged》重聚時，為他們伴奏的是一個埃及管弦樂團。
13 PETER GABRIEL
(1950-)
Genesis was a progressive rock group with a distinctively surreal English aesthetic and a lead singer given to wearing bizarre costumes. But following his departure from the band in 1975, that singer, Peter Gabriel, would become the driving force behind the movement that became known as ‘world music’. On record and through the Womad ( World of Music, Arts and Dance) festival he co-founded, he united different musical traditions, brought artists from developing nations to an international audience and campaigned so effectively on human rights that the Nobel prize committee awarded him a special Man of Peace award in 2006.
Genesis是一支前衛搖滾樂隊，歌曲中帶有別具一格的超現實英倫美，學 主音歌手Peter Gabriel則經常身穿奇裝異服。他於1975年離開樂隊後，成為「世界音樂」運動的。推手 他過片透 唱 及與其他人共同創立的Womad世界音樂、藝術及舞蹈節，連繫各種音樂傳，統 將發展中國家的音樂人帶進國際。樂壇 他亦積極推動人權於，並2006年獲諾貝爾獎委員會特別頒發「Man of Peace」和平。獎
14 DAVID BYRNE
(1952-)
‘David Byrne collects wonder from the world around him and sets it to music,’ says World Cafe’s Talia Schlanger. The seminal voice of New Wave has ventured far from the New York art-angst of his old band Talking Heads. He has a passion for obscure Brazilian music and Vietnamese cookbooks; and he headlines Clockenflap’s Saturday lineup this year.
賓夕凡尼亞大學公共電台WX P N節目《World Cafe》持的主 Talia Schlanger說︰「David Byrne從活生 中收集妙奇 的事物，並將之轉化成音樂。」這位紐約新浪潮樂團Talking Heads的，主音 自樂團解散，後與老家富藝術性的搖滾音樂漸行漸遠。現在他將熱情注傾 在鮮為人知的巴西音樂及越南烹飪書中。他是今年Clockenflap音樂節星期六那天的表演嘉賓。
15 WONG KA-KUI
黃家駒
(1962-1993)
Beyond had just become Hong Kong’s most successful band when its singer and leading light, Wong Ka-kui, decided to channel his energies in other directions – towards Africa. His visit to Kenya was a creative triumph ( Amani, with its African backing choir, became one of the band’s most popular songs). Fifteen years after his accidental death in Japan he remains one of Hong Kong’s most revered musicians.
Beyond剛成為香港當紅樂隊之際，靈魂人物黃家駒決卻 定將目光轉遠向 處的。非洲這趟肯亞之旅的其中一個收穫，由就是 非洲合唱團和音的〈Amani〉，這首歌後來成為隊樂 其中一支首本。名曲 他在日本外意離世15年後，至今依然是一位備受香港尊崇的音樂人。
16 ALICIA KEYS
(1981-)
Like Nina Simone, a musical traveller of a previous generation, Alicia Keys was a classical music prodigy who swapped the concert piano for the studio and a career that has combined groundbreaking music with groundshaking activism. She has travelled widely in Africa as part of her Keep a Child Alive campaign. And in her 2016 short film Let Me In she memorably imagined rich LA inhabitants as refugees across the wall in Mexico.
一如上一代音樂旅人Nina Simone，Alicia Keys對古典音樂極具天賦，但她後來卻捨棄了鋼琴演奏家的，事業 轉進而走 錄音室，以創新的音樂結合創新的社會運動展， 開一番事業。她展開Keep a Child Alive運動，到非洲多處實地探訪；又在2016年推出短片《Let Me In》，於片中將富裕的杉洛 磯居民變成跨越邊境圍牆前往墨西哥的難民，令人留下深刻印象。