LITTLE BIG MAN
Belgium attracts attention from the Orient
The contrast could not be more stark. One is a global economic superpower, the other a minnow by comparison.
The apparent gulf between China and Belgium is all too obvious, with the latter’s 11 million population half that of Shanghai alone and its surface area roughly the size of Hainan island.
But in many other ways, Belgium is a big country — and one that is increasingly attracting serious Chinese investment.
To the disbelievers, the facts are clear enough: Belgium is a top-10 exporter and, above all, a top destination for foreign investment.
Figures show that Belgium ranks fifth in terms of inward FDI, behind the United States, United Kingdom, France and Hong Kong with an estimated 706 billion euros ($957 billion). A total of 169 foreign investment projects were launched in 2012, a 10.5 percent increase on 2011.
Many of these investors are Asian companies and, from China, Belgium has been able to attract Cosco Group (the Chinese State shipping company), Huawei Technologies Co Ltd, Sany Heavy Industry Co Ltd and Hainan Airlines Co Ltd.
How can Belgium, a nation once dismissed by UK politician Nigel Farage as a “non-country”, make this happen?
A source at Flanders Investment and Trade says: “The answers obviously are many, but essentially they revolve around access; access to productivity, skills and R&D; access to the European No 1 for logistics; access to targeted tax incentives.”
Brussels plays host to the European Union, NATO, more than 120 international governmental organizations and approximately 1,400 non-governmental organizations. With 159 embassies and 2,500 diplomats, Brussels ranks second in the world in terms of diplomatic representations.
Apart from logistics, Belgium is home to one of the densest clusters of life sciences and related research in Europe, while funding and venture capital is widely available.
The land of frites and chocolate also has expertise to offer elsewhere, such as in renewable energy, environment, IT, chemicals, agriculture and medical devices.
But, adds the FIT source, even more important is how central a role Belgium plays in Europe. “It is where decisions are made at EU level on trade, on standards and regulations in nearly all industrial sectors,” the source says.
“These decisions affect every company that aims to do business in the EU. Whoever aims to understand and influence these decisions needs to be in Belgium.
“What is less easy to capture in stats and figures is another reason why so many Chinese people appreciate us — the ability to enjoy what is good about life: good food, stylishness and high living standards.”
Starting off in February 2007 with just five employees, Huawei’s activities in Belgium have grown exponentially. Today, they total around 140. The telecommunications giant says Belgium is now a “key part” of its European investment strategy.
“Investments between Belgium and China are complementary and of strategic importance for both sides,” says Hudson Liu, country manager of Huawei Belgium.
“Belgium is a strategic location for us for a number of reasons: Our activities here include a business center, an EU affairs office and an R&D site with facilities in three Belgian cities — Leuven, Louvain-la-Neuve and Gent.
“In the framework of our local business operations we have created close relationships with key telecom operators and business channel partners.
“But we are not only here to do business. Belgium is home to the headquarters of the EU institutions, and we have created our public affairs office in Brussels to maintain a twoway dialogue with EU stakeholders.
“Belgium has also key competence to offer in the field of photonics and chipset research. We have therefore decided to re-invest profits here to draw on local expertise, namely by acquiring Belgian R&D startups such as M4S and Caliopa. By making them a part of our Belgian R&D site, we are enhancing our global capabilities and competitiveness.”
Further evidence of growing Chinese interest came last year when 100 Chinese companies, including a soft drinks manufacturer, an electronics company, a bank and a restaurant chain, chose Belgium as the location for their European plants.
The investors say that in time 5,000 jobs could be created and that they chose Belgium because of its strategic location, low real estate prices and an advantageous tax regime.
Elsewhere, ICBC, one of China’s Big Four banks, which has a branch in Brussels, has made a major investment in the Antwerp diamond sector.
“For us, China is the market of the present and the future,” says Ari Epstein, of the Antwerp World Diamond Centre. “It was actually the Chinese who took the initiative for the investment project. We are of course very happy with this.”
Everyone is currently courting Chinese companies. The flood of Chinese investment in Belgium is particularly welcome to a government intent on ramping up growth.
The Belgians are keen for this to be a two-way street. China, with its 1.3 billion population and relatively underdeveloped market offers huge opportunities for Belgian businesses to invest and, in September, several major deals were struck following a four-day trade mission to China led by Flemish Premier Kris Peeters.
Chinese interest in Europe is part of a shift in the “going-out” strategy.
“As this policy is put into practice by more and more Chinese companies, these firms may now also be looking at gaining a foothold in the European market or moving closer to existing European customers in order to better manage their market,” says Bernard Dewitt, chairman of the Belgian-Chinese Chamber of Commerce.
“If that is the case, then it would be a mistake not to include Belgium in their range of options.”
A source at AWEX, the Walloon foreign trade and investment agency, says that China will want to use its large cash reserves to buy into developed nations and sees Belgium as an ideal destination. The Chinese see Belgium as being on a growth path and values the legal standards and openness of its economy.
China is Belgium’s largest trading partner in Asia, with more than 1,500 companies exporting to China and 300 investors in China.
On the flip side, Belgian Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo underlines the “many benefits” available in Belgium to attract Chinese companies and investment, saying the country is a “great gateway” to the European market.
Another appealing aspect to would-be Chinese investors is that office space in Brussels remains eminently affordable.
According to a recent report by commercial real estate brokers Cushman & Wakefield, Brussels’ EU quarter ranks only 35th on a list of the most expensive office districts worldwide.
The average annual rent is 405 euros per square meter per year, while comparable cities, such as Milan, Amsterdam and Madrid, are more costly.
London’s West End is the most expensive place to rent an office, followed by Hong Kong and Rio de Janeiro.
Belgium’s credentials also received a shining endorsement in a recent KOF Index of Globalization survey, which measures the economic, social and political dimensions of globalization.
Belgium kept its position as the most “globalized” country in the world, ahead of the Republic of Ireland and the Netherlands. On another ranking, measuring “social globalization” of a country, Belgium is placed a lofty fourth.
But it is Belgian ports that are playing an increasingly important role as hubs for Chinese exports to Europe, an indication of which came recently when one of the world’s largest container ships, the Mary Maersk, pulled into Antwerp, its first port of call on its maiden voyage from Shenzhen.
In the first nine months of the year, the port welcomed 90 large container ships as a result of the widening of the Westerschelde, the channel leading from the North Sea to the port.
“The return on that investment is huge and allows our port to improve its competitive position,” says Marc Van Peel, Antwerp’s alderman of port affairs.
Antwerp’s inland position, once seen as a drawback, has now been turned into an advantage.
“Antwerp is centrally located in Europe,” Flemish Port Authority CEO Eddy Bruyninckx explains. “Goods can not only be brought further inland once they are in port, they can be handled in various ways before efficiently being transported to their final destination in the European hinterland through an extensive network of connections.”
In keeping with this trend, Chinese shipping group Cosco’s new container ship, the Cosco Belgium will become a permanent fixture in Antwerp harbor on the service between China and Europe. It is the first time a Chinese container ship of this size (13,000 containers capacity) has been given the name of a European country.
Belgian harbors are up against stiff competition from other European ports such as Rotterdam, Hamburg and Le Havre, but Antwerp claims the biggest growth in container traffic (27 percent).
Antwerp also benefits from a recently-started direct rail link with Chongqing in Southwest China, a municipality of 32 million inhabitants.
“The project is focused on freight transport and its main goal is to gain time,” says Van Peel. “Goods could be delivered in 20 to 25 days, compared with 40 days by ship. It can play a crucial role for transport where time does play a certain role.”
He gives the example of petrochemical products, computer parts and automotive parts.
Van Peel also points to other opportunities. “China wants to invest in exports to Western Africa. Why not opt for rail haulage to Antwerp, in order to continue by ship from there?”
Chinese State companies have also acquired a significant commercial interest in another Belgian port, Zeebrugge, which, with almost half its cargo coming from China, will be positioned as “the most Chinese harbor” in Europe.
Port president Joachim Coens says the Chinese preference for Zeebrugge is because of its deep outer harbor with capacity for giant ships and its strategic location close to the hinterland, adding, “It’s actually closer to Cologne than Hamburg harbor.”