Spent satellite reaches the Earth’s surface
A spent science satellite that had measured Earth’s gravity field re-entered the atmosphere on Sunday night and mostly disintegrated as planned, the European Space Agency said on Monday.
As expected, an estimated 25 percent of the 1-ton GOCE satellite reached Earth’s surface, said the ESA said in a statement, but “no damage to property has been reported”.
There was no immediate word on where and when any debris may have landed.
GOCE “is only a small fraction of the 100-150 tons of man-made space objects that re-enter Earth’s atmosphere annually”, said Heiner Klinkrad, head of ESA’s space debris office.
“In the 56 years of spaceflight, some 15,000 tons of man-made space objects have re-entered the atmosphere without causing a single human injury to date.”
Scientists had predicted that several dozen fragments of GOCE, totaling some 200 kilograms — about the weight of a car engine — would survive contact with the atmosphere.
The GOCE, or Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer, was launched in 2009 to map the Earth’s gravitational field.
ESA said its information is being used to understand ocean circulation, sea level, ice dynamics and the Earth’s interior.
The sleek, finned craft’s mission came to a natural end when it ran out of fuel on Oct 21, leaving it without power to maintain its altitude in low orbit, where there are still lingering molecules of air.
GOCE was launched at an altitude of 260 km — later lowered to 224 km — the lowest ever for a research satellite.
The 350 million euro ($469 million) mission lasted twice as long as its initially scheduled 20 months.
ESA said the satellite reentered the atmosphere around midnight on Sunday on a descending orbit that crossed Siberia, the western Pacific Ocean, the eastern Indian Ocean and Antarctica.
GOCE was designed and built before 2008, when international recommendations were adopted that a scientific satellite must be able to execute a controlled re-entry, or burn up completely after its mission.