HAPPY MONSOON SEASON
The big gain in employment is happening in rural India and it might see bigger gains in the months to come or at least sustain the momentum
The unemployment rate fell to its pre-lockdown level of 8.5 per cent in the week ended June 21. The rate had spiked from 8.75 per cent in March to 23.5 per cent in April and May. It had peaked at 27.1 per cent in the week ended May 3. It began to fall thereafter — initially hesitatingly and then precipitously in June. The rate had fallen to 20 per cent in the last week of May that ended on the 31st.
In the first three weeks of June the unemployment rate dropped dramatically to first 17.5 per cent, then 11.6 per cent, and now to 8.5 per cent.
The urban unemployment has fallen sharply but, it is still distinctly higher than the pre-lockdown levels. In the latest week, the rate was down to 11.2 per cent. This is still over 200 basis points higher than the 9 per cent average in the period before the lockdown.
The 11.2 per cent unemployment rate in urban India in the week ended June 12 is much lower than the average of 25.83 per cent during the peak unemployment period of April and May or, even than the 23.18 per cent average for the entire 13-week lockdown period so far. But, it is still higher than the average unemployment rate of 9 per cent in the 13 weeks preceding the lockdown.
Many towns have started opening up. Some of the larger ones have oscillated from reduced restrictions to strict lockdowns. Chennai is an example.
Delhi is somewhat similar. Mumbai remains under lockdown but with evident significant relaxations.
Business Standard reported on June 19 that footfalls are returning to malls. There were reports from Kochi and even Delhi and Kolkata of improved footfalls and better sales, though still much lower than the pre-lockdown times. But malls constitute an upper end of the market. If malls have opened and are seeing business, then small shops and markets will have started seeing some brisk business as the lockdown has started to ease.
The big gain in employment is happening in rural India. And, it may see bigger gains in the months to come or at least sustain the current gains.
The unemployment rate dropped to 7.26 per cent in rural India in the week ended June 21. This is lower than it was in the pre-lockdown week ended March 22 when the rate was 8.3 per cent. It is lower than the average unemployment rate in February and March 2020, which was 7.34 per cent and 8.4 per cent respectively. It is much lower than the average 13-week lockdown period average of 20.3 per cent and, it is still a little higher than the 13-week average pre-lockdown rate of 6.8 per cent.
While relaxation of the lockdown has helped in alleviating the unemployment stress in general, rural India has apparently gained by the massive sudden increase in Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) activities and also by a sharp increase in kharif sowing this year.
The person-days of jobs created in May 2020 shot up to 565 million. This is way higher than anytime in the recent past. It is for example, 53 per cent higher than the 370 million person-days of jobs created under the scheme in May 2019. It is 2.55 times the average monthly person-days of jobs created in 2019-20.
Thirty-three million households benefited from the scheme in May 2020. This again is 55 per cent higher than the number of households benefited a year ago.
In April, when the unemployment was at its peak, MGNREGS was less active than warranted by the situation. The number of person-days in April 2020 was 141 million compared to 274 million in April 2019. Household beneficiaries were also much lower at 11 million compared to 17 million a year ago.
Partial data for June suggests that the scheme continues to power its employment relief measures aggressively. The number of person-days of jobs were 65 per cent of the year-ago numbers, while the number of household beneficiaries were 95 per cent of the year-ago.
The southwest monsoon came on time and moved into central and western India ahead of schedule. Rainfall during the first fortnight was 32 per cent higher than the long-period average. Correspondingly, kharif sowing was 39.4 per cent higher than it was a year ago.
Aggressive use of the MGNREGS by the government, timely rain and enhanced sowing activities seem to have helped engage rural India and bring the unemployment rate down.
As if on cue, the government is pushing for greater activism in rural India. The past week saw the Finance Minister announce and then the Prime Minister launch the Garib Kalyan Rojgar Yojana. This is to specifically alleviate the problem of migrant workers who have reached their villages.
As much as ~500 billion have been announced for the scheme. This is not additional allocation, but a repackaging of current schemes and front-loading of the expenses into a mission to be achieved in 125 days to create jobs in select 116 districts.
The overlap of Garib Kalyan Rojgar Yojana with MGNREGA is unclear. Nevertheless, rural unemployment can be expected to remain low till October at least. These efforts can also be expected to raise consumption demand from rural India.
Monsoon brings happy tidings.