Digital health mission in a click? Not yet

Lack of clarity on data-sharing, concerns around infra and privacy still plague it

India’s Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) is an idea whose time has come, but the road ahead looks thorny. The initiative has the potential to, as Prime Minister Narendra Modi put it, “bring revolutionary changes in India’s health facilities”.

The challenges are multifold: lack of clarity on a host of issues from data-sharing and compatibility to concerns related to infrastructure and privacy need to be addressed.

On the plus side, with the digital health initiative, not only will patients and doctors find it easier to access medical history and get better prognosis, but the most granular data could also drive public health measures down to the village or block level and help identify early trends in diseases.

However, public health experts are not very confident about the pilot that was run in six Union territories as the benchmark for a national rollout. The pilot was launched in August 2020 in Chandigarh, Ladakh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Puducherry, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep.

“The piloting may not necessarily reveal all the glitches because they have been done in relatively sterile conditions where the central government has direct control over the administration. When this gets rolled out in larger states, we do not know how well the system will function or the quality of data that will emerge,” said K Srinath Reddy, president, Public Health Foundation of India. Global examples are also not very encouraging. A mature economy like the UK with a robust national health service has tried unsuccessfully to launch a digital system, making patient records accessible to doctors across the country. In 2011, the programme was shut down since it failed to earn the trust of doctors or even fix data-confidentiality issues.

Public health experts say the digital health mission is a step in the right direction and it can work if the government goes about it systematically.

The head of a leading private hospital said the initiative will have teething troubles and will take at least five years to hit the ground running.

That, however, may not be such a bad thing after all.

“It's important that the technology is tested in four to five different sites and socioeconomic groups to get the spatial and demographic dimensions spread over a year. Health is not like a ration card or a bank credit card. There are seasonal, behavioural, cultural, and fiscal dimensions that go into health-seeking behaviour,” said K Sujatha Rao, former health secretary. While private hospitals are yet to onboard, they are also not clear how the system will work and whether they will have to make additional investment. Additional costs, say experts, will also mean an increase in the cost of patient care.

Many private hospital chains have electronic patient record systems in place, portable across their individual network. “We need to understand what is the portability between our system of data monitoring and the ABDM. What is more important is how this becomes seamless, in terms of portability from a large hospital chain to a private doctor’s clinic somewhere in India. Does the individual doctor also need to invest in accessing the system?” queried Dilip Jose, managing director and chief executive officer, Manipal Hospitals.

The data-entry interface, say experts, has to be userfriendly to be able to key in patient data.