NOT SO VOCAL FOR LOCAL ELECTIONS

Municipal polling doesn’t draw crowds, and that’s not just in India

When India held its first national elections in 1951, 45.7 per cent of the population turned up to vote. That was remarkable for a largely illiterate and newly independent country. By the third general election in 1962, the turnout had risen to 55 per cent. That is higher than what most cities poll today for their local bodies.

In elections for the Municipal Corporation of Delhi on December 4, the city registered 50.5 per cent voter turnout. In the 2020 Assembly elections, the city’s voter turnout was 12 percentage points higher, and the national elections in 2019 recorded a 60 per cent turnout (chart 1).

A Business Standard analysis found that in five of India’s biggest cities, the turnout is lower in local elections compared to voting for state assemblies and Parliament. In Mumbai, where local elections are due, the average voter turnout in municipal elections the last three times was 48.7 per cent. It was 49.9 per cent for state Assembly polls and 49.4 per cent for national elections.

Kolkata is the only metropolis where the average turnout in the last three local elections was higher than state elections and comparable with the national ones (chart 2).

Another reason for low turnout is the infrequency of elections. Chennai held local body elections in 2021 after almost a decade. Bengaluru is yet to hold its local body elections in seven years. The IT city has a bad record: after 2001, it took almost a decade to hold the next election in 2010.

It’s easier to mobilise people on national issues; India is no exception. The analysis found that in the UK, there was a 30percentage point difference between turnout in the local and national elections. The US witnessed over 60 per cent turnout in the 2020 presidential elections but just 49 per cent in the 2018 mid-terms. For the mayoral elections, it was 23 per cent in 51 cities (chart 3).

Voter awareness is important, but devolution and delineation of power to cities would likely help increase turnout.