Chasing GM markers

Using qPCR (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction), CSE researchers identified GM ingredients in food samples by testing them for the presence of three different foreign DNA elements: 35S promoter (sequence from cauliflower mosaic virus), FMV promoter (sequence from figwort mosaic virus) and Nomaline synthase (NOS) terminator (sequence from Agrobacterium tumiefaciens), which would only be present if a sample contained GM ingredients