Toothless tiger: Experts on NOTA’s failure in impacting poll results

NEW DELHI: More than 10 years after a Supreme Court judgement paved way for introduction of the NOTA button on EVM for polls, the number of voters choosing it still remains low, with the experts dubbing it as a toothless tiger with no implications on the results.

NOTA (None of the Above) was introduced in India through the Supreme Court’s judgement in September 2013. The need to introduce NOTA was felt to discourage the parties from fielding tainted candidates. The Supreme Court directed the Election Commission to make necessary provision in the ballot papers/EVMs so that the voters can decide not to vote for any of the candidates in the fray.

Introduced in 2013, the NOTA option on electronic voting machines has its own symbol - a ballot paper with a black cross across it. After the Supreme Court order in September 2013, the Election Commission added the NOTA button on the EVMs as the last option on the voting panel. One ballot unit has 16 buttons.

Before the apex court order, those not inclined to vote for any candidate had the option of filling what is popularly called form 49-O. But filling out the form at the plling station `under Rule 49-O of the Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961 compromised the secrecy of the voter

However, even as NOTA has secured over 1.29 cre votes in the state assembly elections and the Lok Sabha elections combined in the last five years, the number of candidates with criminal records has increased in both the general and the assembly elections.

According to a report by Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR), the share of MPs with declared criminal cases against

has been increasing in the last decade.

Of the 543 winners analysed by the ADR in the 2009 Lok Sabha elections, 162 (30 per cent) had declared criminal cases against them, with 76 (14 per cent) had serious criminal cases against them.

In 2019, the share of MPs with criminal and serious criminal cases increased to 43 per cent and 29 per cent. “NOTA has made no difference as far as criminality is concerned, in fact the number of candidates with criminal cases has increased,” said Major General (Retd) Anil Verma, Head of ADR. “The concept of NOTA was that some pressure would be on the parties not to field tainted candidates. It has not happened,” he said. Overall in different state and general elections, votes polled on NOTA have been between 0.5 per cent to 1.5per cent, according to data compiled by the ADR. It secured around 1.06 per cent votes in the 2019 Lok Sabha polls, and among states, highest was when it got 1.98 percent of the total votes in the 2018 Chhattisgarh Assembly polls. The lowest number of votes NOTA in the Lok Sabha was 100 votes in Lakshadweep, and among the state polls, it secured the lowest percentage of vote share - 0.46 percent in both the Delhi State Assembly Elections, 2020, and the Mizoram State Assembly Elections, 2018. “Unfortunately, it turned out to be a toothless tiger. It merely provided a platform to express dissent or one’s anger for political parties to take note and nothing more,” Maj Gen Verma (Retd) said.

NOTA has secured over 1.29 crore votes in the state assembly elections and the Lok Sabha elections combined in the last five years