Marriages of convenience
“Uneasy lies the head that wears the crown” – Sunita Aron quotes the line from Shakespeare’s King Henry IV in Ballots and Breakups: The Games Politicians Play. And through the 327 pages of her book on coalition politics, she traces the “uneasy” alliances that parties form to come to power and the fragile state of government and governance that results. Senior resident editor of the Lucknow edition of the Hindustan Times, Aron draws on her vast experience in political journalism to follow the journey of coalition governments in the country. From Charan Singh, the prime minister who didn’t face parliament even once, to Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s 13 days in office in 1996, and the Mayawatiled BSP pulling out of a coalition with the
BJP in 1997 leaving the 28-day-old Kalyan Singh government in jeopardy, she gives many examples of the weakness of coalition governments. She also talks about how partners try to please vote banks when in power, resulting in problems in governance. When Mulayam Singh and Kanshi Ram came together to win the 1993 Ballots and UP polls, for example, the Breakups two started pushing Sunita Aron Yadav and Dalit interests. 360pp, ~499 Aron recalls the Bloomsbury caste clashes that followed and the mistrust between members of the two partner parties. She also questions the ethics of forming coalitions, when enemies join hands to be able to form governments, or declared ideologies are compromised to be able to win more seats. In March 1997, Aron writes, “BSP decided to dump its pre-poll ally Congress to join hands with the BJP, a considerably unethical move”. The BSP and the Congress had fought the elections together. In Bihar, Nitish Kumar and Lalu Prasad Yadav buried their public animosity to form an alliance in 2015. If that alliance was strange, what followed was stranger: Nitish’s growing proximity to the BJP and his distance from Lalu’s party. Though Aron devotes more space to Bihar and UP – her field of work – and, of course, the Centre, there are also chapters on politics in Maharashtra and the southern states, the north-east and in Kashmir. The book ends with the author trying to come up with a respectable model for future coalitions.
The work is rich in detail with personal experience woven with inputs from political experts and backed by research. There are interesting back stories on how coalitions were brokered, who helped whom, who outsmarted whom and how, glimpses into friction between parties and politicians, all of which adds to the drama of the narrative. Students of politics will find this an important addition to their reading list, and one that gives them an understanding of Indian governance. A book this information rich deserved better editing and more careful proofing. However, the odd missing articles or preposition don’t affect the reading.
Few politicians are likely to set aside the time to read Ballots and Breakups. This is sad. Reading it might stop them from resorting to shallow tactics to seize power, and would convince them that the electorate is not in the dark about their poll antics.