Covid-19 reinfection casts doubt on immunity: study
Covid-19 patients may experience more severe symptoms the second time they are infected, according to research released on Tuesday, confirming it is possible to catch the potentially deadly disease more than once.
A study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases journal charts the first confirmed case of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) reinfection in the United States — the country worst hit by the pandemic — and indicates that exposure to the virus may not guarantee future immunity.
The patient, a 25-year-old Nevada man, was infected with two distinct variants of SarsCoV-2, the contagion that causes Covid-19, within a 48-day time frame. The second infection was more severe than the first, resulting in the patient being hospitalised with oxygen support. The paper noted four other cases of reinfection confirmed globally, with one patient each in Belgium, the Netherlands, Hong
Kong and Ecuador. Experts said the prospect of reinfection could have a profound impact on how the world battles through the pandemic.In particular, it could influence the hunt for a vaccine — the currently Holy Grail of pharmaceutical research. Vaccines work by triggering the body’s natural immune response to a
certain pathogen, arming it with antibodies it to fight off future waves of infection.The authors said the US patient could have been exposed to a very high dose of the virus the second time around, triggering a more acute reaction. Alternatively, it may have been a more virulent strain of the virus.
PARIS: Covid-19 patients may experience more severe symptoms the second time they are infected, according to research released on Tuesday, confirming it is possible to catch the potentially deadly disease more than once.
A study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases journal charts the first confirmed case of Covid-19 reinfection in the US - the country worst hit by the pandemic - and indicates that exposure to the virus may not guarantee future immunity.
The patient, a 25-year-old Nevada man, was infected with two distinct variants of SarsCoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, within a 48-day time frame. The second infection was more severe than the first, resulting in the patient being hospitalised with oxygen support.
The paper noted four other cases of reinfection confirmed globally, with one patient each in Belgium, the Netherlands, Hong Kong and Ecuador.
“The possibility of reinfections could have significant implications for our understanding of Covid-19 immunity, especially in the absence of an effective vaccine,” said Mark Pandori, for the Nevada State Public Health Laboratory and lead study author. “We need more research to understand how long immunity may last for people exposed to Sars-CoV-2 and why some of these second infections, while rare, are presenting as more severe.”
Vaccines work by triggering the body’s natural immune response to a certain pathogen, arming it with antibodies it to fight off future waves of infection. But it is not at all clear how long Covid-19 antibodies last.
For some diseases, such as measles, infection confers lifelong immunity. For other pathogens, immunity may be fleeting at best.
The authors said the US patient could have been exposed to a high dose of the virus the second time around, triggering a more acute reaction. Alternatively, it may have been a more virulent strain of the virus.
Another hypothesis is a mechanism known as antibody dependent enhancement - that is, when antibodies make subsequent infections worse, such as with dengue fever.
EXPERTS SAY THE PROSPECT OF REINFECTION COULD HAVE AN IMPACT ON HOW THE WORLD BATTLES AGAINST THE CORONAVIRUS.