Virus airborne up to 4m, health staff at high risk

NEW DELHI: The virus that causes Covid-19 can be airborne for up to four metres, according to a study of patients in hospital wards and intensive care units (ICUs) in China’s Wuhan, where it was first detected by the end of last year.

Infection rates are high among health care workers despite the use of personal protection equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks and coveralls.

While the presence of the genetic material of the virus in the environment does not indicate it is viable (alive outside a living host) and infective, the study, published in Emerging Infectious Diseases, a journal of the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), offers important clues on how infection spreads and how health care workers can be protected.

The RNA genetic material of Sars-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, was found suspended in the air in hospital wards and ICUs four metres away from patients, which is four times more than distance recommended for protection against infection by the World Health Organization (WHO). The viral concentration was highest in ICUs, but it was also heavily concentrated on the floors of the wards, with “half of the samples from the soles of the ICU medical staff shoes tested positive.

Therefore, the soles of medical staff shoes might function as carriers” ,said the study.

High levels of the virus were also found on frequently touched surfaces, such as door knobs, trash cans, bed rails, and the computer mouse. “Overall, we found that the air and object surfaces in Covid-19 wards were widely contaminated by Sars-CoV-2. These findings can be used to improve safety practices,” said the authors.

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were used for nucleic acid (genetic material, which includes DNA and RNA) amplification to detect Sars-Cov-2 from environmental samples.

“Yes, (finding) RNA is not equal to a viable virus, but the study highlights the need for PPE and need for care. Good personal protection for health care workers is the key to success, else morale will be down and care will be compromised,” said Dr. Anurag Agrawal, director, Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi.