THE 12 PRINCIPLES OF PERMACULTURE
Observe and
interact: Recognise local conditions, learn about rainfall patterns, visit other local gardens.
Catch and store
energy: Figure out ways to conserve resources, particularly water; this includes rainwater harvesting, recycling grey water etc.
Obtain a yield: Design a system that promotes self-reliance. Yield also covers the exchange of skills and information from one gardener to another. Apply self-regulation and accept feedback: Replant unproductive areas, improve soil for future generations, plant perennials.
Use and value renewable resources and
services: Grow trees for shade, to build homes and as fuel.
Produce no waste:
Be frugal, reuse and use less. Design from patterns to details: Mimic patterns in nature for inspiration. Plants and animals must be integrated in the design system to mutually benefit.
Integrate rather
than segregate: Place plants together in ways that help cooperate rather than compete.
Small and slow
solutions: Understand that are no quick fixes or immediate returns. Yields will be slow, but every step must be practical and energy sufficient.
Use and value
diversity: Feature new varieties along with old favourites to create balance.
Use edges and value
the marginal: Make the most of available space, through unusually shaped flower beds, vines as boundary walls etc.
Creatively respond
to change: Adapt to the shifting climate patterns, pest populations, and other external forces. All solutions must be sustainable.