The two countries with which China is yet to finalise the border agreements, while Beijing resolved the boundary disputes with 12 other neighbours.
New Delhi: Asserting that sovereignty and territorial integrity of China are "sacred and inviolable", the country's national legislature has adopted a new law on the protection and exploitation of the land border areas, which could have a bearing on Beijing's border dispute with India.
Members of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) approved the law at the closing meeting of a legislative session on Saturday, state-run Xinhua news agency reported.
The law will become operational from January 1 next year.
The state shall take measures to safeguard territorial integrity and land boundaries and guard against and combat any act that undermines territorial sovereignty and land boundaries, the report said.
The law also stipulates that the state shall take measures to strengthen border defence, support economic and social development as well as opening up in border areas, improve public services and infrastructure in such areas, encourage and support people's life and work there, and promote coordination between border defence and social and economic development in border areas, it said.
Following the principles of equality, mutual trust and friendly consultation, the state shall handle land border-related affairs with neighbouring countries through negotiations to properly resolve disputes and long-standing border issues, it said.
The law states that the Chinese
military shall carry out border duties including organising drills and resolutely prevent, stop and combat invasion, encroachment, provocation and other acts.
A significant aspect of the new law includes state support for the construction of border towns, improving their functioning and strengthening supporting capacity for the construction.
China, in recent years, has been strengthening the border infrastructure including the establishment of air, rail and road networks. It also launched a bullet train in Tibet, which extends up to Nyingchi, the border town close to Arunachal Pradesh.
Besides that, China also began constructing a number of villages close to the border with proper infrastructure in Tibet, which has become an essential and effective part of border defence, state-run Global Times reported on October 19.
India and Bhutan are
By the end of 2020, Tibet had built more than 600 well-off, high-standard border villages. The roads connecting border villages are also quite accessible. At least 130 border roads have been newly built or reconstructed with a total length of 3,080km.
The new law calls for the establishment of trade areas and border economic cooperation zones at the borders. It also calls for improving the ecological environment along the border besides epidemic control and maintaining flood and fire control.