Today is Saturday, September 2, the 245th day of 2017. There are 120 days left in the year.

1192 The Treaty of Jaffa is signed between Richard I of England and Saladin, leading to the end of the Third Crusade. 1649 The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro. 1752 Great Britain adopts the Gregorian calendar, nearly two centuries later than most of Western Europe. 1811 The University of Oslo is founded as The Royal Fredericks University, after Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway. 1864 American Civil War: Union forces enter Atlanta, a day after the Confederate defenders flee the city, ending the Atlanta Campaign. 1885 Rock Springs massacre: In Rock Springs, Wyoming, 150 white miners, who are struggling to unionize so they could strike for better wages and work conditions, attack their Chinese fellow workers killing 28, wounding 15 and forcing several hundred more out of town. Vice president of the United States 1901 Theodore Roosevelt utters the famous phrase, “Speak softly and carry a big stick” at the Minnesota State Fair. 1945 World War II: Combat ends in the Pacific Theater: The Japanese Instrument of Surrender is signed by Japanese Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu and accepted aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. 1946 The Interim Government of India is formed, headed by Jawaharlal Nehru as vice president with the powers of a Prime Minister. 1970 Nasa announces the cancellation of two Apollo missions to the Moon, Apollo 15 (the designation is re-used by a later mission), and Apollo 19. 1987 In Moscow, the trial begins for 19-year-old pilot Mathias Rust, who flew his Cessna airplane into Red Square in May. 1998 Swissair Flight 111 crashes near Peggy’s Cove, Nova Scotia; all 229 people onboard are killed. 1998 The International Criminal Tribunal of the United Nations for Rwanda finds Jean-Paul Akayesu, the former mayor of a small town in Rwanda, guilty of nine counts of genocide. 2009 The Andhra Pradesh, India helicopter crash occurred near Rudrakonda Hill, 40 nautical miles from Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India. Fatalities included Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, the chief minister of the state. 2013 The Eastern span replacement of the San rancisco–Oakland Bay Bridge opens at 10:15 PM at a cost of $6.4 billion, after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake damaged the old span.