CONSTIPATION & CANCER

Constipation is a frequent side-effect in cancer patients and is a source of great discomfort, which can lead to belly pain, swelling, bloating, gas and even nausea. In general, constipation occurs as the stool takes a longer time to travel through the large intestine (also known as the colon), which allows more water to be absorbed, leading to hard, dry stool. Interestingly, one can have constipation and diarrhoea at the same time as liquid stool can pass behind the obstructing solid stool. Medicines such as morphine (belonging to a class of medicines called opioids) bind to receptors in the gastrointestinal system and slow down the transit time in the gut, leading to constipation. Below are a few recommendations that can help with constipation:

Eating high-fibre foods, such as whole-wheat chapati, wholegrain and bran breads/cereals, oats, fruits, vegetables, prunes, lentils, beans, peas, nuts, and seeds in meals and snacks daily can help prevent constipation. However, remember that the increase in fibre should be gradual and not sudden.

SPEAKING OF FIBRE

Soluble fibre absorbs water, making stool softer and improving its form and consistency, which makes it easier to pass through your intestines. Examples include oats, apples, beans and peas.

Insoluble fibre adds bulk to the stool, easing its passage through the intestines, and can help in the movement of material through the digestive system. It also helps expel stool rapidly. Examples include the skin of fruits, whole wheat flour and brown rice.

OTHER FACTORS THAT EASE OUT CONSTIPATION

Patients with constipation should have a goal of eight cups of total fluids each day. Try warm water and prune juice. Avoid foods and drinks that cause gas, such as cabbage and carbonated beverages.

Avoid chewing gum. Above all, it is important to exercise and stay active as this can help movement of food in the gut.