FAQs on obesity and menstrual cycle

Women with obesity often present with menstrual problems like heavy bleeding, less bleeding or irregular periods. This article talks about the effect of obesity on menstruation and how can we tackle it.

How does obesity affect periods?

The effect of obesity on reproductive health is quite complex. Obesity is associated with “irregularity” in periods which is usually a result of anovulatory cycles. This irregularity may consist of complete stoppage of periods, periods could be early or late or the flow could be heavier or lighter than usual. Women with obesity tend to be insulin resistant which in turn promotes the development of polycystic ovarian syndrome or PCOS and vice-versa. PCOS is a condition in which the ovaries become enlarged and have multiple small collections of fluid. Increased levels of multiple hormones such as luteinizing hormone, leptin, insulin, estrone, triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins in turn have a negative impact on the hypopituitary gonadotrophic axis which in turn may lead to infertility.

The takeaway: Weight has a huge impact on menstrual health. Both, being underweight and overweight can negatively affect the menstrual cycle and lead to further problems like PCOS, fertility related issues and problems during pregnancy. Weight loss can have a positive impact on menstrual health in women with high weight and BMI. A healthy diet and lifestyle remain the mainstay of therapy, however further help may

be needed for patients who have more severe obesity. Women with grade 1 and 2 obesity may benefit from weight loss medications or endoscopic therapies like balloon insertion. However, patients with morbid obesity may derive benefit from bariatric/metabolic surgery. If your weight is high and you are not able to get it down by conventional measures, please visit a qualified weight loss specialist for further guidance.