Just one in every four deportation cases likely to be successful amid high rates of litigation
Mounting concern over efficiency of the process
The Department of Justice said deportations in Ireland were “highly litigious”, with one asylum-seeker having to be flown back to Dublin after injunction proceedings began while they were airborne.
A briefing for Justice Minister Helen McEntee said that as a rule of thumb, only one out of every four cases selected for deportation was likely to be successful.
It said charter flights – which the State is planning to resume – were “financially burdensome” with a high risk the aircraft would depart Ireland “with a much lower passenger contingent than desired due to legal challenges”.
The briefing for Ms McEntee, ahead of a meeting of the EU’s Justice and Home Affairs Council last autumn, said each charter flight was likely to cost around €350,000 for a long-haul trip.
It said: “Actual deportations are carried out as a measure of last resort when the persons concerned have not removed themselves from the State or engaged with the International Office for Migration (IOM) to avail of assisted voluntary return measures.”
The briefing said Ireland was not a member of Frontex, the EU agency for border management, and therefore its charter aircraft would not land in Dublin.
It said Ireland could fly failed applicants for international protection to a city in Europe where a Frontex flight was leaving, but that realistically Ireland required its own means for larger-scale deportation operations.
The information paper also spoke of how the deportation process was “highly litigious” and legal challenges could and were being made right up until the point the person departs the State.
“In one case this year, an individual secured injunction proceedings as his plane departed and the State was required to fly him back,” said the briefing.
It said there were also difficulties in getting cooperation from “receiving states”, that is the country to which a deportee was being returned.
It cited a long list of nations where there were such problems, including Nigeria, Russia, Pakistan, Algeria, Morocco and Egypt.
The briefing said: “Reasons vary, including pandemic-related issues, dysfunctional administrative capacities, and outright unwillingness to cooperate.”
Ms McEntee was told this was forcing a rethink at EU level on whether the deportation process was an adequate solution to returning individuals to their country of origin. “The main difficulty Ireland experiences is in securing travel documents so that individuals can be permitted on flights and removed.
“It is the case that some embassies can be slow to cooperate,” said the document.
It said so-called “voluntary return” seemed to be a more straightforward alternative and that assistance and resettlement grants were offered as “an enticement to engage with the process”.
The briefing also provided figures on how deportation had been ramped up following Covid-19. With a moratorium in place due to the pandemic, the number of orders dropped significantly.
But by 2022, there were 528 signed and 118 actual removals while in the first 10 months of last year, there were 713 orders signed off on and 57 deportations carried out.
The briefing said in 2022, 20 deportations had been to Nigeria, 18 to Pakistan, 14 to Albania and 13 to Georgia.
Of deportations that took place up to the end of October last year, eight were to South Africa, seven each to Brazil and Georgia and six to Pakistan.
Asked about the records, a spokesman for the Department of Justice said: “Working to ensure that an effective returns process is in place is a key focus in discussions on migration management at EU level.
“As the notes set out, deportations and assisted return programmes form an important part of the immigration system in Ireland, and their role is set to continue to grow in line with the expansion in processing of international protection applications.”
‘Legal challenges could and were being made right up until the point the person departs the State’