‘The Inkblots’ documents history of Rorschach test

A bear. A bat. A butterfly. Images seen in Rorschach inkblots reveal the viewer’s unconscious mind, including any serious mental disorders. Or do they? Is the Rorschach test a brilliant diagnostic tool, or a glorified parlor trick?

“The Inkblots: Hermann Rorschach, His Iconic Test, and the Power of Seeing” raises these questions and lands in the middle. Author Damion Searls concludes, after much throat-clearing, that patients, in partnership with gifted psychologists, may uncover fascinating areas to explore through the Rorschach. But using the results in parental custody lawsuits or other high-stakes arenas, he writes, is fraught with problems.

For instance, what precisely are we testing when we ask people what they see in inkblots? Surprisingly, we don’t know. The test’s theoretical underpinnings have never been worked out. That hasn’t stopped its runaway success.

The 10 cards, printed with symmetrical forms, remain the same as when Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach first published them in 1921 to accompany his book “Psychodiagnostics.” Rorschach’s influences included a children’s game called klexography, psychoanalysis trailblazers Freud and Jung, and observations of his asylum patients’ interpretations of the set of images.

“Rorschach did not conceive of the blots as a ‘test’ at all: he called it an experiment, a nonjudgmental and open-ended investigation into people’s ways of seeing,” Searls writes.

Rorschach resisted initial pressure to use his inkblots in schools as an aptitude test. He wrote that the thought of an aspiring student barred from university study because of his work made him feel “a bit like I can’t breathe.” A systematic collection of test results in a large sample would be required, he wrote, and a solid theoretical basis would need to be established.

Rorschach died tragically at age 37 of peritonitis from a burst appendix a year after publishing “Psychodiagnostics.”