Attack spells trouble in Nigeria oil region
‘Peace of the graveyard’
YENAGOA, Nigeria, April 15, (AFP): A group of men with AK-47s lay in wait for an exkingpin in the Nigerian swamps before instead opening fire on police — the latest sign of trouble in a vitally important oil region.
The April 5 assault in the Niger Delta killed 12 policemen, with attackers firing from a jetty before two speedboats carrying other assailants arrived and also shot at the officers, some of whom jumped in the water, police said.
Authorities say the real target was an ex-militant leader turned state government adviser being escorted by a convoy of security forces through the labyrinth swamps for his mother’s burial. He was not hurt.
“They were overwhelmed,” Kingsley Omire, the police commissioner for Bayelsa state, where the attack occurred, told AFP in his office in the state capital Yenagoa a week after the violence.
The attack was yet another sign of the troubles underlying a 2009 amnesty deal in the impoverished Niger Delta aimed at ending years of unrest there.
Issues
The deal has allowed Nigeria to return to its status as Africa’s biggest oil producer, mainly through payments to ex-militants, but it has not addressed deeper issues of corruption and unemployment.
Many analysts predict those issues will one day lead to more violence and say this month’s deadly assault is an example of the risks.
Prior to the amnesty, militants claiming to be fighting for a fairer distribution of oil revenue as well as criminal gangs had attacked oil facilities and carried out widespread kidnappings in the delta.
A return to such unrest would be a devastating blow to Nigeria, the continent’s most populous nation, with security forces already battling an Islamist insurgency in the country’s central and northern regions.
A government panel is cur- rently looking at whether to offer amnesty to the Islamists as well.
Nigeria relies on the oil industry for around 80 percent of government revenue and nearly all its export earnings.
“The amnesty peace from day one was a peace of the graveyard,” said Esueme DanKikile, a lawyer in Yenagoa who has worked on anti-corruption issues with the UN Office on Drugs and Crime and whose clients include disgruntled ex-militants.
“Peace in the sense that you see people not talking, but there’s a problem ... My prediction is that when the amnesty ends, we will have an escalation of violence in this region because certainly the amnesty is not going to be forever.”
Deal
The main militant group in the Niger Delta, MEND, has been mostly inactive in the years since the amnesty, with most major leaders having accepted the deal.
There have been widespread reports of former militants further boosting their take through lucrative pipeline surveillance contracts and other means. Oil theft has also flourished, robbing Nigeria of an estimated $6 billion yearly in revenue.
But in the days before the April 5 attack, a statement purportedly from MEND threatened fresh violence over the conviction in South Africa of one of its alleged leaders, Henry Okah, for 2010 car bombings in the Nigerian capital Abuja.
Another purported statement last week from MEND — the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta — claimed the attack in Bayelsa, also the home state of President Goodluck Jonathan.
Those statements have been met with scepticism.
Nigerian authorities and private security consultants believe that MEND is essentially defunct and that the attack was due to a dispute between the ex-militant leader recently hired by the government and his followers.
“MEND is for all intents and purposes dead and has been for quite some time,” Bergen Risk Solutions, the Norway-based security consultants, wrote after the attack.