New fund set up to protect endangered heritage sites
France pledges $30m towards $100m initiative
Representatives of around 40 countries yesterday approved plans to establish a fund to protect heritage sites in war zones and a network of safe havens for endangered artworks. A closing statement issued after two days of talks in Abu Dhabi did not specify the total amount pledged for the fund but French President Francois Hollande said a target of $100 million remained achievable. The meeting, co-sponsored by France and the United Arab Emirates, was spurred by the systematic destruction and looting of archaeological treasures in Iraq and Syria by the Islamic State group.
The world watched in dismay as the militants systematically destroyed temples and tower tombs in the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra last year. In Iraq, videos showed IS using bulldozers and explosives to destroy Nimrud, a jewel of the Assyrian empire, and ransacking pre-Islamic treasures in the Mosul Museum. “This is the first time that countries, organizations, experts and donors have come together to protect the property of humanity and to provide the means to achieve it,” said Hollande.
But proposals for ancient artifacts to be taken abroad for safekeeping met with reservations from some countries - notably Greece and Egypt - which saw treasured artworks removed for display in museums in Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Participants in the meeting, who also included
representatives of international organizations and private institutions, pledged “to safeguard the endangered cultural heritage of all peoples, against its destruction and illicit trafficking”.
The Geneva-based fund they set up will be charged with safeguarding cultural heritage endangered by conflict, financing preventive and emergency operations, combating the illicit trafficking of artifacts and helping restore damaged cultural property. “The creation of this fund breaks new ground,” UNESCO director Irina Bokova said. “I see this as the starting point of something... global.”
Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan urged all countries to “cooperate and coordinate to control the trafficking of cultural property .... especially in some Arab countries that have suffered from the dangers of violence and terrorism.” France is to contribute around $30 million to the fund. “Our objective is to collect at least $100 million, and we can reach this,” Hollande said. Participants hope the international network of safe havens will be used to temporarily store cultural property endangered by conflicts or extremism. Countries such as Bosnia and Senegal offered to host endangered artworks, a delegate told AFP.
But with sovereignty a sensitive issue, ancient artifacts would only be moved out of a country at the request of its government, a participant in the meeting told AFP. Works of art would first be moved to a safe place within the country concerned. Safeguarding them in a neighboring country would be the next option while moving them elsewhere would be a last resort. Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras told participants it should be the “last option” and there should be “guarantees for the safe return” of cultural property removed for safekeeping.
Greece has long sought the return from Britain of ancient sculptures that once decorated the Parthenon temple on the Acropolis in Athens but were taken by British diplomat Lord Elgin two centuries ago. Afghan Foreign Minister Salahuddin Rabbani said that “establishing the fund is an excellent idea and has our full support but such a fund will only work if people in countries such as ours have the training and commitment to work with agencies managing the fund.” Participants at the UNESCO-backed conference called on the UN Security Council to support the initiative. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization will oversee the safeguarding operations. The meeting coincided with an announcement by Swiss authorities that they had seized cultural relics looted from Syria, Libya and Yemen that were being stored in Geneva’s free ports. Swiss representatives told the meeting of the country’s experiences in providing safe haven for art works during the conflicts of the 20th century. A follow up conference will be held in 2017 to assess the implementation of plans and the first projects to be financed by the international fund.
The conference was the centerpiece of Hollande’s two-day visit to the Emirates. He arrived Friday, a day after surprising France by announcing he would not seek a second term as the Socialist candidate in next year’s presidential election. France has built increasingly strong ties to the seven-state Emirates federation over the years. Cultural outreach is a key pillar of that effort, including the establishment of a satellite campus of the renowned Sorbonne University in Abu Dhabi a decade ago.
Workers are still putting the finishing touches on a much-hyped branch of the Louvre art museum, which will be the centerpiece of an ambitious cultural district on Abu Dhabi’s Saadiyat Island. The project has faced repeated delays that have pushed its opening back by years, and it has attracted criticism from human rights campaigners over the treatment of migrant workers involved in its construction. It is now expected to open sometime next year.
Hollande paid a visit to the Louvre site yesterday morning before meeting with French expatriates based in the Emirates. He briefly addressed his decision to not seek re-election at the latter stop, saying he would continue to drive France forward “within the framework of its ideals and values” until he steps down in May. Hollande was also meeting with French troops during his trip. — Agencies
“There is no change to our longstanding policy on cross-Strait issues,” National Security Council spokeswoman Emily Horne told reporters. “We remain firmly committed to our ‘One China’ policy,” she added. “Our fundamental interest is in peaceful and stable cross-Strait relations.”
Washington cut formal diplomatic relations with the island in 1979 and recognizes Beijing as the sole government of “One China” - while keeping friendly, non-official ties with Taipei. But since coming to office this year, Tsai has refused to accept the “One China” concept, prompting Beijing to cut off all official communication with the island’s new government.
Even before the call with Taiwan, Trump’s unorthodox diplomatic outreach has raised eyebrows. Until Thursday, State Department officials told reporters that Trump had not asked for official briefing on current policy from US diplomats before making the contacts. On Friday, department spokesman John Kirby said the outgoing US administration has now helped with “some foreign communications that the transition team has gone forward with”.
But he referred reporters to Trump’s office for details and would not say whether the president-elect himself had requested any background briefings before making or taking any calls. Asked whether Trump was among those on the transition team who received such help, a senior US official would only say that Vice President-elect Mike Pence has also made foreign calls.
The incident comes as Philippine leader Rodrigo Duterte said Trump approved of Manila’s ongoing deadly drug war, saying the crackdown in which some 4,800 people have been killed was being conducted in “the right way”, in stark contrast to the criticism he received from Obama. The Philippine president called Trump late Friday evening to congratulate him on his election victory with Trump wishing him “success” in his controversial anti-crime crackdown, according to Duterte.