New broom at UN nuclear watchdog as Iran tensions rise
VIENNA: Veteran Argentine diplomat Rafael Grossi was sworn in yesterday as the new director general of the UN’s nuclear watchdog the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). He told reporters that Iran’s nuclear program - at the root of a growing international crisis - was a “priority” for the agency and that he planned to travel to Iran in “the relatively near future”.
Who is Rafael Grossi?
Grossi had been serving as Argentina’s ambassador to the IAEA and is the agency’s first leader from Latin America. He previously held high-level posts at the agency between 2010 and 2013 bringing him into contact with Iranian officials at a time when international negotiations over Iran’s nuclear activities were intensifying. According to the former French ambassador to Iran Francois Nicoullaud, Grossi will able to draw on “solid experience in proliferation matters”.
“He is someone of a very high calibre who comes from an important country in the nuclear field,” says Nicoullaud. A current Vienna-based diplomat said on condition of anonymity that Grossi was expected to bring “a lot of energy and innovation” to the post, with a particular focus
on pushing gender parity within the agency and promoting the role of nuclear energy in fighting climate change.
Grossi will be taking over from Yukiya Amano, who died in July at the age of 72 having been in post since 2009. While the US is thought to have lobbied in his favor, diplomats say Grossi has stressed his belief in the importance of the agency’s impartiality.
Iran crisis looms
Grossi begins his tenure amid a growing crisis over Iran’s nuclear program. The IAEA is charged with monitoring the implementation of the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, which seems in danger of imminent collapse. Without mentioning Iran specifically, Grossi told reporters yesterday that his approach to inspections would be “firm and fair”. “An inspector is not a friend,” he said.
Earlier in his first speech to member states, he said that only the IAEA “can provide this credible assurance that nobody is diverting nuclear material to make nuclear weapons”. Since May, Iran has taken a series of measures breaking limits on its nuclear activities laid down in the 2015 deal, with another one likely in early January. Iran insists it has the right to do this in retaliation for the US withdrawal from the deal in 2018 and reimposition of crippling sanctions.
Ali Vaez from the International Crisis Group says the deal could collapse in a matter of weeks. “The Iranians are simply running out of measures that are easy to reverse and non-controversial,” he says. Vaez added that a fresh Iranian move to breach the deal could finally push the European signatories to trigger the “dispute resolution mechanism” foreseen in the 2015 accord - which in turn could lead to the automatic resumption of UN sanctions on Iran.
The return of those sanctions would mark the “death blow” of the agreement, according to Kelsey Davenport of the Arms Control Association. In such a scenario, says Vaez, “we will have a major non-proliferation crisis on our hands in the sense that the Russians and the Chinese have already declared they would not recognise the return of (sanctions)”. Some expect that in this scenario Iran would leave the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). —AFP