SUMMARISING TEXTS
How to write a summary
STEP 1 : Read the passage once to get the general idea of what the passage is all about. STEP 2 : Study the question carefully so that you fully understand the task at hand. STEP 3 : Underline the key words in the question to keep you focussed and not deviate from your task.
STEP 4: Read the passage again and underline the main points so that you will leave out irrelevant information.
STEP 5: Paraphrase words and expressions used by the writer. Try to use your own words. Do not add your own information or opinions that are not found in the passage.
STEP 6: Use linkers & transitions to show logical sequence and cohesion in your summary. STEP 7: Write your summary. Use simple language and write legibly.
STEP 8: Proofread your summary to ensure that your summary is accurate and displays good organisation and cohesion.
How to Paraphrase?
Writing a paraphrase is similar to writing a summary; it involves recasting a passage in your own words. The difference is that while a summary is a shortened version of the original, the paraphrase is approximately the same length as the original.
There are two ways to paraphrase:
1. Literal
Substitute the original words of each sentence with synonyms. You can use the process as a first step in drafting paraphrases. However, your overall structure may be awkward. Therefore, you should use free paraphrasing for all of your final drafts.
2. Free
Use synonyms and rearrange the sentence structure. You can borrow the main ideas without necessarily keeping the same organisation. This form of paraphrasing sounds more natural and is recommended.