ASIAN CITIES AT RISK OFA ‘DIGITAL DYSTOPIA’
Authorities need to address privacy concerns, protect the vulnerable, say urban experts
AS Asian cities turn to technologies such as facial recognition and artificial intelligence (AI) to deliver social welfare and public services, urban experts yesterday urged authorities to address privacy concerns and protect the vulnerable.
From India to Indonesia, governments across the region are backing hundreds of smart cities that use technology and data to improve waste management and energy conservation, tackle traffic congestion and mitigate risks linked to climate change.
“Frontier technologies such as AI hold promise to reimagine how the public sector can better serve sustainable development needs,” United Nations (UN) Under-Secretary-General Armida Salsiah Alisjahbana said at an urban conference here.
“Fast-evolving technologies have the potential to transform the traditional way of doing things across all government functions and domains,” she said, adding that public-private partnerships would be key.
Worldwide, the rise of cloudcomputing and AI technologies have led to data-gathering streetlights in China, autonomous buses in Singapore and facial recognition systems in Indian airports.
AI, which includes machinelearning, autonomous and data processing systems, is currently being used in crime prevention, trademark applications and to improve crop yields, according to a UN study released this week.
But the increased use of data, and of systems such as facial recognition software and closedcircuit television have also sparked concerns over bias, security, privacy and surveillance.
With systems of social assistance increasingly being driven by data and technologies, there is “a grave risk of stumbling zombie-like into a digital welfare dystopia”, said Philip Alston, the UN special rapporteur on poverty and human rights.
This is “especially problematic when the private sector is taking a leading role in designing, constructing, and even operating significant parts of the digital welfare state”, Alston warned in a report last week.
Technology companies operate in an almost “human rights-free zone”, he added.
Governments could guard against this by putting in adequate safeguards, and ensuring that there was good planning and governance, said Lim Teng Leng, deputy director at the Singaporean government’s Centre for Liveable Cities.
Technology-based solutions were no panacea for city problems, and could often cause just as many problems as they set out to address, he said.
“People have to believe that all this data will improve their lives, make their cities better and safer. The government must build trust by being upfront about what data they are collecting, what it is for, and admit when there are mistakes.”
This is particularly relevant to poorer residents and those who were not tech-savvy and might be excluded, said Colin Fernandes at the Global Disaster Preparedness Centre, a unit of the American Red Cross.