Microsoft takes rare path to build a quantum computer
SEATTLE: In the race to commercialise a new type of powerful computer, Microsoft has just pulled up to the starting line with a slick-looking set of wheels. There’s just one problem: it doesn’t have an engine - at least not yet.
The Redmond, Washingtonbased tech giant is competing with Google, IBM Corp. and a clutch of small, specialised companies to develop quantum computers - machines that, in theory, will be many times more powerful than existing computers by bending the laws of physics.
Microsoft says it has a different approach that will make its technology less error-prone and more suitable for commercial use. If it works.
This week, the company unveiled a new programming language called Q# - pronounced Q Sharp - and tools that help coders craft software for quantum computers.
Microsoft is also releasing simulators that will let programmers test that software on a traditional desktop computer or through its Azure cloudcomputing service.
The machines are one of the advanced technologies, along with artificial intelligence and augmented reality, that Microsoft Chief Executive Officer Satya Nadella considers crucial to the future of his company. Microsoft, like IBM and Google, will most likely rent computing time on these quantum machines through the internet as a service.
D-Wave Systems Inc. in 2011 became the first company to sell a quantum computer, although its technology has been controversial and can only perform a certain subset of mathematical problems. Google and IBM have produced machines that are thought to be close to achieving “quantum supremacy” - the ability to tackle a problem too complex to solve on any standard supercomputer. IBM and startup Rigetti Computing also have software for their machines.
Microsoft, in contrast, is still trying to build a working machine. It is pursuing a novel design based on controlling an elusive particle called a Majorana fermion that no one was sure even existed a few years ago. Engineers are close to being able to control the Majorana fermion in a way that will enable them to perform calculations, Todd Holmdahl, head of Microsoft’s quantum computing efforts, said in an interview. Holmdahl, who led development of the Xbox and the company’s HoloLens goggles, said Microsoft will have a quantum computer on the market within five years.
“We are talking to multiple customers today and we are proposing quantum-inspired services for certain problems,” he added.
These systems push the boundaries of how atoms and other tiny particles work. While traditional computers process bits of information as 1s or zeros, quantum machines rely on “qubits” that can be a 1 and a zero at the same time. So two qubits can represent four numbers simultaneously, and three qubits can represent eight numbers, and so on. This means quantum computers can perform calculations much faster than standard machines and tackle problems that are way more complex.
Applications could include things like creating new drugs and new materials or solving complex chemistry problems. The “killer app” of quantum computing is discovering a more efficient way to synthesize ammonia for fertiliser. — Bloomberg
We are talking to multiple customers today and we are proposing quantum-inspired services for certain problems. — Todd Holmdahl, head of Microsoft’s quantum computing efforts