Even rocks harvest water in Brazil’s semi-arid northeast
We no longer suffer from a shortage of water - not even during the drought that has lasted the last six years. The water in that pond is even drinkable, it has that whitish colour because of the soil but that does not affect its taste or people’s health.
Pereira, peasant farmer
JUAZEIRINHO / BOMJARDIM, Brazil: Rocks, once a hindrance since they reduced arable land, have become an asset. Pedrina Pereira and Joao Leite used them to build four ponds to collect rainwater in a farming community in Brazil’s semi-arid Northeast.
On their six-hectare property, the couple store water in three other reservoirs, the “mud trenches”, the name given locally to pits that are dug deep in the ground to store as much water as possible in the smallest possible area to reduce evaporation.
“We no longer suffer from a shortage of water,” not even during the drought that has lasted the last six years, said Pereira, a 47-year- old peasant farmer, on the family’s small farm in Juazeirinho, a municipality in the Northeast state of Paraiba.
Only at the beginning of this year did they have to resort to water distributed by the army to local settlements, but “only for drinking,” Pereira told IPS proudly during a visit to several communities that use innovative water technologies that are changing the lives of small villages and family farmers in this rugged region.
To irrigate their maize, bean, vegetable crops and fruit trees, the couple had four “stone ponds” and three mud trenches, enough to water their sheep and chickens.
“The water in that pond is even drinkable, it has that whitish colour because of the soil,” but that does not affect its taste or people’s health, said Pereira, pointing to the smallest of the ponds, “which my husband dug out of the rocks with the help of neighbours.”
“There was nothing here when we arrived in 2007, just a small mud pond, which dried up after the rainy season ended,” she said. They bought the property where they built the house and lived without electricity until 2010, when they got electric power and a rainwater tank, which changed their lives.
The One Million Cisterns Programme ( P1MC) was underway for a decade. With the programme, the Articulation of the Semi Arid (ASA), a network of 3,000 social organisations, is seeking to achieve universal access to drinking water in the rural areas of the Northeast semi- arid ecoregion, which had eight million inhabitants in the 2010 official census.
The network promoted the construction of 615,597 tanks that collect water from rooftops, for use in drinking and cooking. The tanks hold 16,000 litres of water, considered sufficient for a family of five during the usual eight-month low-water period.
Other initiatives outside ASA helped disseminate rainwater tanks, which mitigated the effects of the drought that affected the semi-arid Northeast between 2012 and 2017.
According to Antonio Barbosa, coordinator of the One Land, Two Waters Programme ( P1+2) promoted by ASA since 2007, the rainwater tanks helped to prevent a repeat of the tragedy seen during previous droughts, such as the 1979-1983 drought, which “caused the death of a million people.”
After the initial tank is built, rainwater collection is expanded for the purposes of irrigation and raising livestock, by means of tanks like the ones built in 2013 on the farm belonging to Pereira and her husband since 2013. ASA has distributed 97,508 of these tanks, benefiting 100,828 families.
Other solutions, used for irrigation or water for livestock, include ponds built on large rocks or water pumps used by communities to draw water from deep wells. — IPS