Evidence of 9 Neanderthals found in Italian cave

The fossil remains of nine Neanderthal men had been found in a cave in Italy, the culture ministry announced on Saturday, a major discovery in the study of our ancient cousins.

All the individuals found in the Guattari Cave in San Felice Circeo, located on the coast between Rome and Naples, are believed to be adults, although one might have been a youth.

Eight of them date to between 50,000 and 68,000 years ago, while the oldest could be 90,000 or 100,000 years old, the ministry said in a statement.

“Together with two others found in the past on the site, they bring the total number of individuals present in the Guattari Cave to 11, confirming it as one of the most significant sites in the world for the history of Neanderthal man,” the ministry said.

Culture Minister Dario Franceschini hailed the find as ‘an extraordinary discovery that the whole world will be talking about’.

Francesco Di Mario, who led the excavation project, said it represented a Neanderthal population that would have been quite large in the area.

Local director of anthropology Mario Rubini said the discovery will shed ‘important light on the history of the peopling of Italy’.

“Neanderthal man is a fundamental stage in human evolution, representing the apex of a species and the first human society we can talk about,” he said.

The findings follow new research begun in October 2019 into the Guattari Cave, which was found by accident by a group of workers in February 1939.

On visiting the site shortly afterwards, paleontologist Albert Carlo Blanc made a stunning find — a well-preserved skull of a Neanderthal man.

The cave had been closed off by an ancient landslide, preserving everything inside as ‘a snapshot in time that is slowly offering up its secrets’.

Recent excavations had also found thousands of animal bones, notably those of hyenas and the prey believed to have been brought back to the cave to be eated or stored as food.

There were also remains of large mammals including elephant, rhinoceros, giant deer, cave bear, wild horses and aurochs — extinct bovines.

“Many of the bones found show clear signs of gnawing,” the ministry statement had said.

This undated photo handout shows fossilised remains of nine Neanderthals found in the Guattari Cave in San Felice Circeo, south of Rome. Seen from top to bottom are the frontal view of a female skull; top view of a female skull; right hand thumb metacarpal bone (right); a diaphysis of right femur, probably of an adult male (left); frontal view of a probable adult male skull (centre), top view of a jaw bone with chin, front with chin, sex unidentified.

— AFP photos This undated photo shows fossilised remains in the Guattari Cave in San Felice Circeo, south of Rome, where fossilised remains of nine Neanderthals have been found.