Fishing amid territorial disputes
Fishermen relate how perilous work has become in the South China Sea
As Asian countries jostle for territory in the South China Sea, one Filipino fisherman is taking a stand.
He has faced down Chinese coast guard rifles, and even engaged in a stone-throwing duel with the Chinese last month that shattered two windows on his outrigger.
“They’ll say, ‘Out, out of Scarborough,”’ Renato Etac says, referring to Scarborough Shoal, a rocky outcropping claimed by both the Philippines and China.
He yells back, “Where is the document that shows Scarborough is Chinese property?”
At one level, the territorial disputes in the South China Sea are a battle of wills between American and Chinese battleships and planes.
At another level, they are cat-andmouse chases between the coast guards of several countries and foreign fishermen, and among the fishing boats themselves.
Indonesia seized a Chinese fishing boat last month and arrested eight fishermen, only to have a Chinese coast guard vessel ram the fishing boat as it was being towed, allowing it to escape.
Vietnam’s coast guard chased away more than 100 Chinese boats over a two-week period, its state media reported this week, and made a rare seizure of a Chinese ship carrying 100,000 litres of diesel oil, reportedly for sale to fishing boats in the area.
The South China Sea, a hodgepodge of overlapping territorial claims in the Pacific, is both strategically important and a vital shipping route for international trade.
It may also contain valuable oil and natural gas reserves.
As tensions ratchet up, though, it is perhaps those who make a living at sea who feel it the most.
Here are some stories from fishermen around the region:
Philippines: the guardian of Scarborough Shoal
Renato Etac has had dozens of encounters with Chinese ships.
More than once, a small team of Chinese coast guardsmen on a rubber boat approached his boat and pointed their rifles at him, but he says he knew they would not fire and risk starting a war.
At other times, the Chinese will surge as if to hit his boat, but the 37-year-old fisherman uses his keen knowledge of Scarborough Shoal – where he has fished for Spanish mackerel, trevally and grouper since he was a teenager – to outmanoeuvre them.
Etac says he just wants to defend his livelihood in waters that used to be open to all. China took control of Scarborough Shoal in 2012 after a two-month standoff with Philippine government ships.
It sits about 230km west of the Philippines, and 1,000km from the Chinese coast.
“It’s like quarrelling, like playing games,” he says.
“Yelling, dirty fingers, everything’s there. Sometimes I use expletives in different dialects and I get to laugh when I see them, because they don’t understand what I’m saying.”
He enjoys what he calls the territorial “debates” in the high seas, though his earnings from a week-long fishing expedition have dropped by more than half to 3,000 pesos (RM253), because of both the Chinese disruptions and competition.
“He’s like the guardian of Scarborough, sir,” said Greggy Etac, a relative and a fellow fisherman.
“I used to sail with him, but now, I’m scared.”
China: coast guard to the rescue
Chinese fishermen working out of the Hainan island port of Tanmen say they now enjoy much greater support from their country’s beefedup coast guard.
They have been forced to range further out to sea because of the heavy depletion of coastal fisheries, says Li Xian chuan, a 64-year-old crew member who has been fishing in and around Scarborough, the Spratly islands and the closer-in Paracels for 40 years.
“There are many more fish in the Nansha islands, particularly Huangyan island,” he says, using the Chinese terms for the contested Spratly group and Scarborough Shoal.
In previous years, Chinese government ships would issue radio warnings about the presence of Philippine patrol ships around Scarborough Shoal.
“We had to run around the reefs to get away from big (Philippine) boats. Thanks to the shallow water and submerged reefs, their big boats could not enter the reefs. We played hide-and-seek inside the reef until their boats gave up and left.”
Conditions for Chinese fishermen have vastly improved with the addition of new and larger Chinese coast guard vessels and a more proactive approach, Li says.
A call to the coast guard will bring help within two to three hours, he says.
Fishing in the South China Sea remains perilous, Li says adding that he has been fired on once, and knows of several fishermen killed in encounters with Philippine boats.
Taiwan: fear of banditry at sea
Heightened competition, and even banditry, is making it ever-harder to make a living, says Taiwanese fishing boat owner Hong Huai-jen.
“Now, they are not only fishing in the South China Sea, but have also broken into our territorial waters,” Hong says, standing by his boat in the southern Taiwan port of Donggang, which looks out on the Taiwan Strait.
His boat was surrounded last November by a group of Vietnamese fishing boats in waters off Taiwan, presumably for the purpose of robbing him. He managed to give them the slip and called the Taiwanese coast guard for help.
The Vietnamese boats had dispersed by the time help arrived.
“Taiwanese fishermen don’t have any weapons,” Hong says.
“Once they board our boats, there’s nothing we can do. We would be detained and we have to pay for our release.”
“My father has worked as a fisherman for about 40 years. The fishery resources were rich, and there were fewer fishing boats before. But now, the resources are thin and there are lots of boats.”
Indonesia: ancestral disputes
Fish- rich waters around Indonesia’s Natuna Islands have a long history of being contested, says Anton Leonard, a fisherman and exporter who is secretary-general of the Indonesian Fishermen’s Association representing traditional fishermen.
“Fishermen that come from Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and China have told native fishermen that Natuna waters are their traditional fishing grounds since the time of their ancestors,” says Leonard.
“Local fishermen in Natuna could not resist their presence because some of them believe the claims, others because such vessels are much bigger, more advanced and sometimes also carrying weapons.”
Native fisherman haven’t been directly affected by South China Sea incidents that involve Chinese patrol boats, likely because they don’t venture far out into Indonesia’s exclusive economic zone, he says.
But Indonesia’s crackdown on foreign fishing vessels in its waters and a policy against “transshipment” of fish between boats at sea has affected the livelihood of traditional fisherman because they have fewer opportunities to sell their catch.
At the same time, the government lacks a comprehensive strategy to empower the fishermen and improve their industry, Leonard says.
“We are not afraid to face foreign boats coming into our territory,” Leonard said. — AP
It’s like quarrelling, like playing games. Yelling, dirty ngers, everything’s there.
renato Etac