Emergency care for a heart attack
Steps you can take to reduce the chances of death when you have a heart attack.
SOMEONE having a heart attack may experience any or all of the following:
• Uncomfortable pressure, fullness or squeezing pain in the centre of the chest.
• Discomfort or pain spreading beyond the chest to the shoulders, neck, jaw, teeth, or one or both arms, or occasionally, upper abdomen.
• Shortness of breath.
• Lightheadedness, dizziness, fainting.
• Sweating and nausea.
A heart attack generally causes chest pain for more than 15 minutes, but it can also have no symptoms at all. Many people who experience a heart attack have warning signs hours, days or weeks in advance.
What to do if you or someone else may be having a heart attack:
• Call 999 or your local medical emergency number. Don’t ignore or attempt to tough out the symptoms of a heart attack for more than five minutes. If you don’t have access to emergency medical services, have a neighbour or a friend drive you to the nearest hospital. Drive yourself only as a last resort, and realise that it places you and others at risk when you drive under these circumstances.
• Chew and swallow an aspirin, unless you are allergic to aspirin or have been told by your doctor never to take aspirin. But seek emergency help first.
• Take nitroglycerin, if prescribed. If you think you’re having a heart attack and your doctor has previously prescribed nitroglycerin for you, take it as directed.
Do not take anyone else’s nitroglycerin, because that could put you in more danger.
• Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if the person is unconscious.
If you’re with a person who might be having a heart attack and he or she is unconscious, tell the 999 dispatcher or another emergency medical specialist.
You may be advised to begin CPR. If you haven’t received CPR training, doctors recommend skipping mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing and performing only chest compressions (about 100 per minute).
• If an automated external defibrillator (AED) is available and the person is unconscious, begin CPR while the device is retrieved and set up. Attach the device and follow instructions that will be provided by the AED after it has evaluated the person’s condition.
Your lifestyle affects your heart health. The following steps can help you not only prevent, but also recover from a heart attack:
• Avoid smoking. The most important thing you can do to improve your heart’s health is to not smoke. Also, avoid being around secondhand smoke.
• Control your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. If one or both of these is high, your doctor can prescribe changes to your diet and medications.
Ask your doctor how often you need to have your blood pressure and cholesterol levels monitored.
• Get regular medical checkups. Some of the major risk factors for heart attack – high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes – cause no symptoms early on. Your doctor can perform tests to check for these conditions and help you manage them, if necessary.
• Exercise regularly. Regular exercise helps improve heart muscle function after a heart attack and helps prevent a heart attack by helping you to control your weight, diabetes, cholesterol and blood pressure. Exercise needn’t be vigorous. Walking 30 minutes a day, five days a week can improve your health.
• Maintain a healthy weight. Excess weight strains your heart and can contribute to high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes.
• Eat a heart-healthy diet. Saturated fat, trans fats and cholesterol in your diet can narrow arte-ries to your heart, and too much salt can raise blood pressure. Eat a heart-healthy diet that includes lean proteins, such as fish and beans, plenty of fruits and veg- etables, and whole grains.
• Manage diabetes. High blood sugar is damaging to your heart.
Regular exercise, eating well and losing weight all help to keep blood sugar levels at more-desirable levels. Many people also need medication to manage their diabetes.
• Control stress. Reduce stress in your day-to-day activities. Rethink workaholic habits and find healthy ways to minimise or deal with stressful events in your life.
• If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women and men older than 65, and up to two drinks a day for men 65 and younger. – Mayo Clinic News Network/Tribune News Service