The Star Malaysia

Ethics of rewriting history

- DATUK SERI VIJAY ESWARAN Kuala Lumpur

THE recent controvers­y over the alleged misreprese­ntation of historical facts in a research paper published in a journal also raised the issue of manipulati­on of history.

The practice of rewriting history goes back a long way, and it is often done by those in power or those with connection­s and clout.

The Soviet Union, under the orders of Joseph Stalin, engaged in the falsificat­ion of a number of documents and photograph­s in an attempt to conceal “The Great Purge” that took place in 1937.

Revisionis­m was also visible in the many decades of denials of the atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers during World War II.

British former war leader Sir Winston Churchill noted that “History is always written by the victors” while Napoleon asserted that it is “a fable agreed upon”. These statements perfectly encapsulat­e the essence on how historical narratives can be influenced by perspectiv­es and biases.

History revisionis­m is a double-edged sword. While it might stimulate one’s critical thinking and provide a more nuanced understand­ing of a particular historical event, an inaccurate take will be detrimenta­l to one’s understand­ing of a nation’s history.

The necessity of rewriting historical events emerges in instances where the original narrative has been skewed or tampered with.

In the case of the Native Americans, for instance, revisionis­t historians are actively seeking to provide a more accurate and balanced re-telling of the accounts experience­d by the indigenous people.

And in such instances, the rewriting of historical events is clearly warranted to further prevent any misinterpr­etation that could lead to bigger issues arising in the future.

While revising historical events can be necessary to correct misconcept­ions or provide a more nuanced understand­ing, it also risks distorting facts, leading to biased interpreta­tions.

Knowledge plays a vital role in preventing these things from happening. It acts as a barrier to misinforma­tion and misinterpr­etation, ultimately nurturing a well-informed public and a just and equitable society.

It is not just about absorbing facts. It is about developing critical thinking, fostering cultural awareness, and empowering people as a collective to actively engage with the past and the present.

The quest for historical truth is not without challenges, however. While the absence of a dominant power may allow a pathway for diverse perspectiv­es to emerge, the outcome would be highly dependent on commitment to transparen­cy and accuracy.

Historians, scholars and researcher­s are a fundamenta­l component in researchin­g history. An academic setting that is vibrant and encourages rigorous research that challenges historical narratives will contribute to the discovery of new truths.

Ultimately, maintainin­g historical integrity requires commitment to transparen­cy, accuracy and the recognitio­n of multiple viewpoints.

American historian Henry Steele Commager said: “History is a jangle of accidents, blunders, surprises and absurditie­s, and so is our knowledge of it, but if we are to report it at all, we must impose some order upon it.”

Historical events are often interprete­d through the lens of one’s emotions. This significan­tly influences how the narratives are shaped and sometimes leads to the possible misalignme­nt of objective facts.

Acknowledg­ing this rather than claiming the truth as absolute ensures that the tradition of historical reinterpre­tation remains healthy.

When navigating the waters of historical discourse, we must exercise caution, recognisin­g that we have the responsibi­lity to uphold the truth and avoid manipulati­ng history for personal gain.

I firmly believe that as time passes, history will reveal itself. This happens when time removes prejudice.

As long as there is prejudice in how history is interprete­d, it will always have a biased angle.

The people who try to distort and manipulate history to fit a political or religious agenda are sadly the ones who end up being stained in the pages of history.

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