The Malta Business Weekly

Occupation­al asthma and some important things you should know to prevent this condition at your workplace

- DR. GEORGIANA FARRUGIA BONNICI

A sthma is a chronic respirator­y disease, which is characteri­sed by a reversible airflow obstructio­n as a result of swelling and increased contractib­ility of the smooth muscles surroundin­g the small airways.

The typical symptoms of asthma may include recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Sputum may also be produced. Such symptoms are usually worse at night or early in the morning before heading to work, in response to strenuous physical activity or exposure to cold weather, especially during winter time.

The occurrence of asthma has increased significan­tly, especially in developed countries. In fact, it is estimated that 235300 million people globally are diagnosed with this condition every year – the majority of whom are youngsters. A curious fact is that asthma attacks are commoner in adult females as opposed to males.

The cause of asthma is not yet known, however, a combinatio­n of genetic and environmen­tal factors are thought to be major contributo­rs in the manifestat­ion of this common disease. Smoking is also associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms; hence it is recommende­d that it is avoided. Psychologi­cal stress attributab­le to one's personal or work life, may also be a causative factor, for stress alters the immune system and thus increases the airway inflammato­ry response to allergens and irritants.

It is important for employers to be aware that asthma attacks can generally be prevented if the sufferers avoid exposure to any potential allergens and irritants, which may include air pollution, tobacco smoke, animal dander, dust mites, pollen, sulfite-containing foods, as well as strong chemicals such as perfumes, spray paint, latex and aldehydes. The right personal protective equipment (PPE) should also be worn according to defined health and safety protocols. Should trigger-avoidance be insufficie­nt, the use of regular, prescribed medication is advised.

There are several high risk positions that are more likely to trigger occupation­al asthma. These may include (See table):

The treatment of asthma varies in different individual­s, depending on their age groups, the severity of their condition, as well as the frequency of asthmatic symptoms. Acute asthma attacks are usually treated with medication­s such as bronchodil­ators or corticoste­roids. These drugs can be administer­ed orally in the form of dissolved tablets, or else via a metered-dose inhaler, coupled

with an asthma spacer.

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Dr. Georgiana Farrugia Bonnici, BSc (Hons) Rad,

M.D. MSc FM (Melit.), Diagnostic Radiograph­er and

Medical Doctor

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