The bio-inspired adhesives that are revolutionising bonding solutions
In the depths of the ocean, amid vibrant marine life, Jonathan Wilker discovered an inspiration that would redefine the adhesive industry. His scuba-diving experience in 1999 off the coast of Pasadena, California, led him to a groundbreaking research path at Purdue University, focusing on the untapped potential of biological adhesives.
Wilker’s quest was fuelled by the remarkable ability of marine organisms, like mussels, to cling onto surfaces with unparalleled strength, even in the most challenging conditions.
Delving into the molecular intricacies of these natural adhesives, his team identified DOPA, a modified amino acid, as a key component in the mussel’s adhesive arsenal, offering robust bonding capabilities underwater.
The challenge was formidable: to synthesise an adhesive that not only mimicked the mussel’s tenacity but also met human needs for non-toxicity, environmental sustainability and versatility. Through innovative chemistry and material science, Wilker’s team engineered adhesives that surpassed traditional glues, maintaining their bond in the presence of water, a feat that commercial adhesives struggled to achieve.
This breakthrough has farreaching implications beyond mere bonding solutions. The environmentally friendly nature of these bio-inspired adhesives promises a shift towards sustainable manufacturing practices, reducing reliance on synthetic, potentially harmful chemicals.
Moreover, the potential applications in the medical field are profound. Abraham Joy’s research at the University of Akron builds on this foundation, aiming to develop surgical adhesives that can seal wounds effectively, offering a safer, more efficient alternative to sutures and staples, especially in emergency and battlefield scenarios.
Addressing the unsustainable nature of current adhesives, Wilker’s team is pioneering the development of new, sustainable adhesive systems using bio-based components like epoxidised soy oil, malic acid and tannic acid. This approach not only offers an environmentally friendly alternative but also tackles the issue of non-recyclable materials contributing to landfill and ocean pollution.
Wilker’s journey from underwater curiosity to laboratory innovation exemplifies the power of interdisciplinary research, blending biology, chemistry and engineering to solve complex challenges.
As we continue to explore the synergy between natural designs and human technology, bio-inspired adhesives stand as a testament to the transformative power of looking to nature for solutions, heralding a new era in materials science that could reshape industries and improve lives on a global scale.
Ahmed Taha is public engagement officer at the Royal Academy of Engineering.