A toast to GEORGIA
Want to learn about the origins of winemaking? You’ll have to go about 3200km east of Bordeaux, France, to the Republic of Georgia, in the Caucasus Mountains.
This beautiful and affordable country has many other attractions for both budget and sophisticated travellers.
There are 1000-year-old churches, wild mountains offering winter and summer splendour and coastal resorts on the Black Sea. After being part of the Soviet Union for decades, Georgia declared independence in 1991, and the country has embraced tourism and development.
While visiting Georgia to research a book about the origins of wine, I kept having to choose between wine experiences and other tempting options. Georgian architecture, food, wine and music is a multi-ethnic mix of East and West. Romans, Persians, Mongols, Arabs, and Russians all fought to control the country over the past 2000-plus years. Now the people are overwhelmingly Christian, yet street food and Georgian chants have a Middle Eastern or even Asian tinge.
For wine-lovers, a trip to Georgia is like going back to a vineyard Garden of Eden. Archaeological sites show that Georgians began making wine at least 5000 years before the French.
Patrick McGovern, a researcher at the University of Pennsylvania, has examined 8000-year-old Georgian pottery that is decorated with “grape clusters and jubilant stick-figures, with arms raised high, under grape arbors,” and burial mounds contain ornate gold and silver goblets with depictions of ancient drinking ceremonies. The classic Georgian chant “Shen Khar Venakhi“(”Thou Art a Vineyard”) was reputedly written by King Demetrius I in the 12th century. It is still popular at weddings.
You can experience and taste some of the wine history throughout the Georgian countryside. Small wineries and many, many families still ferment grapes in oval clay containers called qvevri, which may have inspired the later amphora of Greece and Rome. Georgia has hundreds of native wine grape varieties, including kisi, mtsvane, rkatsiteli and saperavi. Try the unfiltered and natural golden (or orange) wine style for a sense of how wine was first made thousands of years ago.
A Game of Thrones episode could be filmed in the eastern Kakheti region, which has numerous vineyards. The Alaverdi monastery and winery, which dates to the year 1011, features a 50m tower and high stone walls, with beautiful icons inside the church.
Father Gerasim, bearded and dressed in a traditional long black cassock, said the Alaverdi monks are carrying on a tradition passed down through generations. “I remember when I was about three or four years old, my grandfather or father took me to the wine cellar every time they went. Wine ties, and tied the human being to his community, to his land,” Gerasim said.
Ancient rituals linger. Every September, Georgians from several ethnic and religious backgrounds make a pilgrimage to Alaverdi called Alaverdoba. The festival, which now lasts for about a week, was in ancient times a multi-week harvest celebration linked to pagan, preChristian moon cults.
OUTDOOR PURSUITS
For outdoor pursuits, the Caucasus Mountains rise to more than 4600m, with glacial lakes and semi-tropical valleys. It is untamed land, but also a botanical and human crossroads for Central Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East home to Anatolian leopards, bears, wolves, lynx and golden eagles.
Researchers from the Chicago Botanic Garden found that the Caucasus contains 6400 distinct groups of plants in a region about the size of Minnesota. The isolated mountain valleys may have helped nurture and protect different species, like natural time capsules.
Back in Tbilisi, the capital, you’ll find a mix of quaint old-world neighbourhoods and trendy new riverfront areas.
Small bakeries make chewy, crisp, khachapuri bread. Try it with the traditional melted cheese and egg in the center. There are also Georgian flatbreads stuffed with savory mixes of chopped meat and spices, and a wide variety of dumplings.
PurPur combines local dishes with classic French-style cooking in a 19th century atmosphere. Try the pkhali appetiser, pate made from ground walnuts and beets or spinach.
For a darker experience you can also visit the Joseph Stalin Museum in Gori, his birthplace. Tour groups offer it as a day trip from Tbilisi.
Finally, you can go for a swim or spa visit at numerous Black Sea resorts. — AP