‘No need for new Cold War’
President Joe Biden objected directly to China’s ‘‘coercive and increasingly aggressive actions’’ toward Taiwan during the first in-person meeting of his presidency with Xi Jinping, as the two superpower leaders aimed yesterday to ‘‘manage’’ their differences in the competition for global influence.
The nearly three-hour meeting was the highlight of Biden’s weeklong, round-the-world trip to the Middle East and Asia, and came at a critical juncture for the two countries amid increasing economic and security tensions. Speaking at a news conference afterward, Biden said that when it comes to China, the US would ‘‘compete vigorously, but I’m not looking for conflict’’.
He added: ‘‘I absolutely believe there need not be a new Cold War’’ between America and the rising Asian power.
Biden reiterated US support for its longstanding ‘‘One China’’ policy, which recognises the government in Beijing – while allowing for informal American relations and defence ties with Taipei, and ‘‘strategic ambiguity’’ over whether the US would respond militarily if the island were attacked. He also said that despite China’s recent sabre rattling, he does not believe ‘‘there’s any imminent attempt on the part of China to invade Taiwan’’.
Xi, according to the Chinese government’s account of the meeting, ‘‘stressed that the Taiwan question is at the very core of China’s core interests, the bedrock of the political foundation of China-us relations, and the first red line that must not be crossed in China-us relations’’.
Biden said he and Xi also discussed Russia’s aggression against Ukraine and ‘‘reaffirmed our shared belief’’ that the use or even the threat of nuclear weapons is ‘‘totally unacceptable’’. That was a reference to Moscow’s thinly veiled threats to use atomic weapons as its nearly nine-month invasion of Ukraine has faltered.
Chinese officials have largely refrained from public criticism of Russia’s war, although Beijing has avoided direct support of the Russians, such as supplying arms.
While there were no watershed breakthroughs, the Biden-xi meeting brought each side longsought, if modest, gains. In addition to the shared condemnation of Russian nuclear threats, Biden appeared to secure from Xi the resumption of lower-level cooperation from China on a range of shared global challenges. Meanwhile, Xi, who has aimed to establish China as a geopolitical peer of the US, got symbolic home turf for the meeting as well as Biden’s forceful One China policy commitment.
The White House said Biden and Xi agreed to ‘‘empower key senior officials’’ to work on areas of potential cooperation, including tackling climate change and maintaining global financial, health and food stability. Beijing had cut off such contacts with the US in protest of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s trip to Taiwan.
The two leaders agreed to have US Secretary of State Antony Blinken travel to Beijing to continue discussions.
Xi and Biden warmly greeted each other with a handshake at a luxury resort hotel in Indonesia, where they are attending the Group of 20 summit of large economies.
‘‘As the leaders of our two nations, we share responsibility, in my view, to show that China and the United States can manage our differences, prevent competition from becoming anything ever near conflict, and to find ways to work together on urgent global issues that require our mutual co-operation,’’ Biden said to open the meeting.
Xi called on Biden to ‘‘chart the right course’’ and ‘‘elevate the relationship’’ between China and the US. He said he wanted a ‘‘candid and in-depth exchange of views’’.
Both men entered the highly anticipated meeting with bolstered political standing at home. Democrats triumphantly held onto control of the US Senate, with a chance to boost their ranks by one in a runoff election in Georgia next month, while Xi was awarded a third five-year term in October by the Communist Party’s national congress, a break with tradition.
But relations between the two powers have grown more strained under successive American administrations, with economic, trade, human rights and security differences at the fore.
As president, Biden has repeatedly taken China to task for human rights abuses against the Uyghur people and other ethnic minorities, crackdowns on democracy activists in Hong Kong, coercive trade practices, military provocations against self-ruled Taiwan and differences over Russia and Ukraine.
The White House said Biden specifically mentioned US concerns about China’s actions in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Hong Kong, and the plight of Americans it considers ‘‘wrongfully detained’’ or subject to exit bans in China.
Taiwan has emerged as one of the most contentious issues. Multiple times in his presidency, Biden has said the US would defend the island – which China has eyed for eventual unification – in case of a Beijing-led invasion. But administration officials have stressed each time that the US China policy has not changed.
Pelosi’s trip prompted China, officially the People’s Republic of China, to retaliate with military drills and the firing of ballistic missiles into nearby waters.
The White House said Biden ‘‘raised US objections to the PRC’S coercive and increasingly aggressive actions toward Taiwan, which undermine peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait and in the broader region, and jeopardise global prosperity’’.
In the meeting, Biden said China’s economic practices ‘‘harm American workers and families, and workers and families around the world,’’ the White House said.
The meeting came just weeks after the Biden administration blocked exports of advanced computer chips to China – a national security move that bolsters US competition against Beijing.
Xi’s government said he condemned such moves, saying, ‘‘Starting a trade war or a technology war, building walls and barriers, and pushing for decoupling and severing supply chains run counter to the principles of market economy and undermine international trade rules.’’