Study on head injuries in rugby ‘a game-changer’
Concussion expert says paper linking rugby injuries to dementia legitimises concerns
One of the country’s foremost concussion experts has called the publication of research linking rugby concussion and long-term difficulties a “game-changer”.
Doug King, an independent researcher into head injuries suffered in league and rugby whose work has appeared in academic papers, said the publication of the first paper connected to the AUT’s rugby health study legitimised many long-held concerns.
“It’s a game-changer for the general public,” King said. “The stuff we have been saying for a long time is out in front of them now. They know that when it comes to concussion and long-term health there is an issue.”
The first paper from the study into the health of retired rugby players was published in online journal Sports Medicine yesterday. “A Comparison of Cognitive Function in Former Rugby Union Players Compared with Former Non-ContactSport Players and the Impact of Concussion History” investigated the difference in brain function between rugby players who experienced concussion and those who didn’t.
It found that players who experienced one or more concussions in their career performed worse in tests that measure cognitive flexibility, complex attention, executive function and processing speed. To put it in layman’s terms, that is the ability to understand and process information quickly, to make rapid decisions, to switch attention between tasks and to track and respond to information over long periods of time.
“The problem is we still don’t know who’s going to get [the cognitive difficulties],” King said.
Work with biomarkers might assist in that process but King says researchers are probably five years away from any definitive answers.
The paper is just the first of several expected from the rugby health study. New Zealand Rugby has paired up with Statistics NZ to try to determine whether the rates of dementia are higher among elite rugby players between 1950 and 1970 than nonplayers; and Otago NPC players will wear electronic devices, about the size of a $2 coin, above their ear during their next five home games to measure the impact on players’ heads during games.
“That could mean they [ rugby administrators] get a surprise just how many head impacts there are,” King said. The emergency nurse said he had been “ridiculed” in various
Hnzherald.co.nz Read the whole series at tinyurl.com/ nzhdementia quarters for his research that demonstrated that there were many concussions during a game that had no visible effects.
In the first year of his study he saw five “visible concussions” but his testing picked up a further 17 that were unknown at the time. In the second year that figure was two visible concussions and 20 other failed concussion tests.
NZ Rugby’s chief medical director Ian Murphy said the research out yesterday has underscored the importance of preventative training and playing techniques.
Murphy said it strengthened the argument for further research.
“While the majority of the tests indicated the average values for all three former player groups were within normal ranges . . . the new information provides us with more reliable data to work through as we seek to better understand concussion,” Murphy said.
“The research supports the importance of education and promotion of correct training and playing techniques as a preventative measure, which we’ve been leading for some time.”
The publication of the findings came on the same day Cillian Willis became the first professional rugby player to sue for clinical negligence. The halfback is taking action against Sale Sharks over two head injuries he suffered in a game against Swansea in March last year.
Willis, a cousin of legendary centre Brian O’Driscoll, received treatment for a head injury before returning to the game and suffering a second blow. He was replaced and has never played professionally again, retiring at 28. Willis’ lawyer described it as a landmark case for the sport.