Cigarette tax rises save more lives than bans: survey
SWITZERLAND
TAX rises on cigarettes save more lives than smoking bans, according to a global study which shows tobacco control measures averting seven million deaths by 2050.
Scientists looked at the effects of six anti-smoking policies introduced in 41 countries, between 2007 and 2010.
Projections of the number of premature deaths the measures were likely to prevent by 2050 produced a figure of 7.4 million.
Increasing taxes on cigarettes to 75 per cent of their price in 14 regions had the biggest impact, which was greater than legal smoking bans.
Tax rises prevented 3.5 million smoking-related deaths while ‘‘smoke-free air laws’’ in 20 of the countries studied averted 2.5 million.
Lead researcher Professor David Levy, from Georgetown University Medical Centre in Washington DC, said: ‘‘It’s a spectacular finding that by implementing these simple tobacco control policies governments can save so many lives.’’
The evidence-based measures, known by the acronym Mpower, were identified by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2008.
They consist of monitoring tobacco use, protecting people from tobacco smoke, warning about the dangers of tobacco, enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship and raising tobacco taxes.
The study targeted 41 countries known to have implemented at least one of the policies at the highest impact level. In 2007, almost 290 million people living in the countries smoked.
Britain, the United States, France and Germany were not in the list, which included countries in Africa, Asia, South America and eastern Europe.
Of the total, 33 countries had put in place one of the measures and eight had adopted more than one. Computer modelling was used to predict the life-saving potential of the policies.
Turkey was one of the countries most affected by antismoking policies. There, tax rises alone were predicted to save more than 1.5 million lives and smoking bans around 880,000.
The findings, published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, also forecast a total of 700,000 deaths averted by health warnings, 380,000 by cessation treatments and 306,000 by restrictions on tobacco marketing.
Levy said: ‘‘In addition to some 7.4 million lives saved, the tobacco control policies we examined can lead to other health benefits such as fewer adverse birth outcomes related to maternal smoking, including low birth weight, and reduced healthcare costs and less loss of productivity due to less smoking-related disease.’’
Millions more lives could be saved if the control measures were adopted even more widely, according to Dr Douglas Bettcher, director of the department of noncommunicable diseases at the WHO.
‘‘Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the world, with six million smokingattributable deaths per year today, and these deaths are projected to rise to eight million a year by 2030, if current trends continue,’’ he said. ‘‘By taking the right measures, this tobacco epidemic can be entirely prevented.’’