Prince leaves inventive, influential legacy
Prince could play guitar like Carlos Santana or Jimi Hendrix, sing like James Brown, turn out pop melodies worthy of Motown or lay down the deepest grooves this side of Sly and the Family Stone. But no-one could mistake his sound for anyone but Prince.
The dazzlingly talented and charismatic singer, songwriter, arranger and instrumentalist, who died yesterday at his home, aged 57, drew upon the history of modern popular music and created a gender- and genre-defying blend of rock, funk and soul.
With hits including 1999, Purple Rain and Little Red Corvette, Prince’s records sold more than 100 million copies and earned him Grammys and an Academy Award.
The Minneapolis native stood just 1.57 metres tall, yet made a powerful visual impact at the dawn of the MTV era, proving to be the Little Richard for the 1980s, from his wispy moustache and tall pompadour to his colorful and suggestive outfits – the counterpart to the openly erotic lyrics that made him one of the most sexually daring artists of the era.
But his greatest legacy was as a musician, summoning original and compelling sounds at will, whether playing guitar in a flamboyant style that drew on Hendrix, switching his vocals from a nasally scream to an erotic falsetto, or turning out album after album of stunningly innovative material. Among his notable releases were Sign O’ the Times, Graffiti Bridge and The Black Album.
‘‘He rewrote the rulebook, forging a synthesis of black funk and white rock that served as a blueprint for cutting-edge music in the ’80s,’’ reads his dedication in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. ‘‘Prince made dance music that rocked and rock music that had a bristling, funky backbone.’’
Mick Jagger was among numerous musicians, actors and other public figures praising the artist, tweeting: ‘‘Prince’s talent was limitless. He was one of the most unique and talented artists of the last 30 years.’’ Madonna called him a ‘‘true visionary’’. Oprah Winfrey tweeted: ‘‘Prince the doves really are crying now. Listening to your music. Remembering you.’’
Even United States President Barack Obama – for whom Prince was a White House guest last year – released a statement, saying he and his wife ‘‘joined millions of fans from around the world’’ in mourning Prince’s sudden death.
‘‘Few artists have influenced the sound and trajectory of popular music more distinctly, or touched quite so many people with their talent,’’ Obama said.
Born Prince Rogers Nelson, Prince broke through in the late 1970s with the hits Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad? and I Wanna Be Your Lover, and soared over the following decade with such albums as 1999 and Purple Rain.
He won seven Grammys, and received an Academy Award in 1985 for his music from Purple Rain, the movie in which he starred as a young musician.
In 2004, Prince was inducted into the Rock and Roll of Fame, which hailed him as a musical and social trailblazer.
Prince was fiercely protective of his independence, battling his record company over control of his material and even his name. Anxious to get out of his contract with Warner Bros., he identified himself by a key-like symbol with an unpronounceable name (journalists called him ‘‘TAFKAP,’’ or The Artist Formerly Known as Prince). Prince also once wrote ‘‘slave’’ on his face in protest at not owning his work, and famously fought and then departed Warner, before returning a few years ago.
‘‘What’s happening now is the position that I’ve always wanted to be in,’’ Prince told The Associated Press in 2014. ‘‘I was just trying to get here.’’
Music was in his blood. Prince’s father played in a jazz band in Minneapolis, under the name ‘‘Prince Rogers,’’ and his mother was the singer. The precocious young Prince taught himself to play the piano at age 7, the guitar at 13 and the drums at 14.
But his home life was also troubled. His parents separated when he was 10, and Prince, who ended up with six siblings and half-siblings, moved back and forth between the homes of his mother and father.
In 1978, the year he turned 20, Prince debuted with the album For You. It was a declaration, if nothing else, that he could do anything: He wrote and sang the material, and served as his own one-man band on guitar, bass, drums, synthesisers, chimes and assorted other instruments.
The album received mixed reviews, but his second album – called Prince – sold more than a million copies and launched his run of hit albums and singles over the next few years.
But he didn’t just become a star in his own right: He was a veritable music factory, whether with side projects, such as as Vanity and Morris Day and The Time, or the songs he wrote for others. Sinead O’Connor had a hit with Nothing Compares 2 U, while other covers included Cyndi Lauper’s When You Were Mine and the Bangles’ Manic Monday.
Prince’s influence even extended to politics, well before Obama’s time.
In the mid-1980s, Tipper Gore, wife of then-Senator Al Gore, of Tennessee, heard one of her daughters listening to Prince’s Darling Nikki. Horrified by the song’s reference to masturbation, she helped launch an organisation dedicated to a labelling system for explicit content, the Parents Music Resource Centre. A nationwide debate about censorship soon followed, including congressional testimony from Frank Zappa among others, and the refusal by some record sellers to offer releases deemed in need of advisories.
Prince had been touring and recording right up until his death, releasing four albums in the last 18 months, including two on the Tidal streaming service last year. He performed in Atlanta last week as part of his Piano and a Microphone tour, a stripped-down show that featured a mix of his hits, like Purple Rain or Little Red Corvette, and some B-sides from his extensive library.
Prince debuted the intimate format at his Paisley Park studios in January, treating fans to a performance that was personal and both playful and emotional at times.
The musician seemed to be shedding his reclusive reputation. He hosted several late-night jam sessions where he serenaded Madonna, celebrated the Minnesota Lynx’s WNBA championship and showcased his latest protege, singer Judith Hill.
Ever surprising, he announced on stage in New York City last month that he was writing his memoir, The Beautiful Ones, which was expected to be released in the fall of 2017 by publishing house Spiegel & Grau. A press release about the memoir said Prince would ‘‘take readers on an unconventional and poetic journey through his life and creative work,’’ and include stories about his music, family and the ‘‘people, places and ideas that fired his creative imagination.’’
About 200 fans had gathered yesterday outside Paisley Park, Prince’s home and music studio, in Chanhassen, a city about 20 miles southwest of Minneapolis.
Steven Scott, 32, of Eden Prairie, said he was at Paisley Park last Saturday for Prince’s dance party. He called Prince ‘‘a beautiful person’’ whose message was that people should love one another.
‘‘He brought people together for the right reasons,’’ Scott said.