UN calls for greater effort on climate
Warning for leaders that business-as-usual scenario not an option anymore
The United Nations climate chief says world leaders must recognise there is no option except to speed up and scale up action to tackle global warming, warning that continuing on the current path will lead to “a catastrophe”.
Patricia Espinosa stressed in interviews with the Associated Press that climate scientists are saying there’s still a chance to make things right “but the window of opportunity is closing very soon” and the world has 12 years until carbon emissions reach “a point of no return”. That means the world needs to accelerate all efforts to keep from reaching that level, “and therefore all efforts are absolutely indispensable” to cut carbon emissions and keep temperatures from rising, she said.
Some top scientists say reaching the “tipping point” in 12 years is an oversimplification of a UN report last year.
Espinosa said carbon emissions were expected to rise in the immediate future after the landmark Paris agreement was adopted in 2015 to address climate change because the transformations needed to go to a downward trajectory “cannot be done overnight”. In addition, global population is growing and more people demand more energy and resources, she said.
“What has become clear, however, is that if we continue to grow or to behave in a way that this kind of trajectory is maintained, we will not be able to achieve the goals of the Paris agreement,” said Espinosa, who is executive secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
The Paris agreement called for global temperatures to rise a maximum of 2C by the end of the century compared to pre-industrial times and as close as possible to 1.5C. The world has already warmed 1C, so the goal is really about preventing another 1C or 0.5C increase from now.
A report last year by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC, concluded that while it’s technically possible to cap global warming at 1.5C by the end of the century, it is highly unlikely because this would require a dramatic overhaul of the global economy, including a shift away from fossil fuels. Deep in the report, scientists say less than 2 per cent of 529 of their calculated possible future scenarios kept warming below the 1.5C goal.
“What science is showing now since Paris is that 1.5C is really necessary because the consequences of staying at 2C are very big,” Espinosa said. “And secondly, it is also showing that 1.5C is possible. It takes more effort [and] more political will.”
She said the IPCC scientists gave the world 12 years “to speed up and scale up the actions” to cut emissions before they start spiralling out of control. “It doesn’t mean that we need to wait 12 years and then look at it as the moment to do this,” Espinosa said. “It means that we need to accelerate the tipping point, and therefore all efforts are absolutely indispensable.”
The UN report does not say 2030, the date used, is a last chance, hard deadline for action, as it has been interpreted in some quarters.
The panel “did not say we have 12
years left to save the world”, James Skea, co-chairman of the report and professor of sustainable energy at Imperial College London, said. “The hotter it gets, the worse it gets, but there is no cliff edge.”
“This has been a persistent source of confusion,” agreed Kristie L. Ebi, director of the Centre for Health and the Global Environment at the University of Washington in Seattle. “The report never said we only have 12 years left.”
Espinosa said communities that suffer destruction from the effects of climate change have woken up, the movement by children from schools around the world is “a wake-up call”, and mass protests to combat climate change will hopefully spur decisionmakers. But, she said: “We have a very long, long way to go.”
Espinosa stressed that the goal is “to get to a moment where leaders recognise that there is no option”. “The truth is that if we continue to produce, consume, to function as we
are doing now, we know that we are going toward a catastrophe,” she said. And that would mean loss of lives, serious impacts on different sectors of the economy, massive displacement and instability.
Leaders must understand “that the business-as-usual scenario is not an option anymore”, she said.