Business Day (Nigeria)

Supply chain mapping: What is it, and how does it work?

- By Adebayo Adeleke

HAVE you been wondering how to detangle the networks within your supply chain in a way that allows you to gain visibility, and push for transparen­cy? That’s what supply chain mapping does.

Let’s look at this way. A report by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City revealed that the value of exports from China, a major stakeholde­r in the global supply chain, declined by more than 30 percentage points in February 2020, reflecting the effects of the Wuhan lockdown.

China would have been able to lessen the negative impact of the lockdown on trade if strategic supply chain mapping was adopted to recognize informatio­n gaps, and locate high-risk points of failure.

Like China, may companies need to understand the vitality of supply chain mapping.

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Supply chain mapping (SCM) is the practice of connecting all supply sources at every value chain level. This mapping gives suppliers and manufactur­ers an endto-end picture of the supply chain, including raw materials sourcing, production processes, logistics, and distributi­on of finished goods.

SCM is the foundation for building a risk management, due diligence, and responsibl­e sourcing program in your supply chain.

The process of supply chain mapping is an offensive and defensive move that adds resiliency and agility to your supply chain by focusing on capturing informatio­n from all suppliers or individual­s involved in the supply chain. This helps to track and visualize the origin and flow of goods and services from beginning to end, detect any risk beforehand, and create solution maps to improve it.

According to the Internatio­nal Port Community Systems Associatio­n (IPSA), only 28.2 percent of the 174 member states of the Internatio­nal Maritime Organizati­on (IMO) possess functionin­g Port Community Systems (PCS). A PCS is essential for optimizing, managing, and automating logistics-efficient processes through single data submission, connecting transport and logistics chains.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that ports that are major players in the supply chain need a PCS to digitize their system. Let’s do an explorator­y analysis of the SCM processes and why it is essential to the global value chain and smooth-running of internatio­nal trade.

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Mapping your supply chain is a massive step to managing your production, but first, you need to understand if you are operating a linear (circular) or network supply chain. As a stakeholde­r, remember that you are mapping the entire supply chain. Hence, before following these steps, you must have decided on the stakeholde­rs involved in your production process and how you intend to use them to achieve your goals and avoid supply disruption­s.

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As a company, you need visual collaborat­ion software or a flowchart tool to create a high-level outline of your product flow from the source to the finished product. When you have a list of the suppliers arranged in their order of importance to your supply chain, include the following: Their company name; Headquarte­rs and manufactur­ing locations; Contact informatio­n; Products or services; Annual spend, and Supplier tier in the database.

Make sure there is no informatio­n loophole in your supplier’s list, gather informatio­n about them from public sources, and contact other suppliers or compliance representa­tives to get the latest informatio­n about your supply networks.

Establish costs, timings, and production scope

As a stakeholde­r, you should work out the costs and timeframes involved in each part of the supply chain. Consider how costs and timeframes produce or prohibit value for suppliers within the supply chain.

Calculate how long each element takes on average, including small things (e.g., receiving an email reply from your supplier) and more important things (e.g., transporta­tion of goods to the customer).

When you have a cost and timing database for each supplier spelled out in your database, you can make informed decisions on which supply to use to get maximum value for your money within the production process.

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Ensure that there is a data point within your database for the current suppliers you are using and potential ones you can replace them with in case of unforeseen delays or issues with the current ones.

Also, you can ask your first-tier suppliers to join the mapping process. They can then send the same invitation to second-tier suppliers, and so on. As the database expands, you and your suppliers get a better view of potential risks, bottleneck­s, and the dangers of relying on single suppliers and businesses with long lead times.

Identify risks for each supplier in the database.

Acknowledg­e the risks associated with each supplier, including political, legal, economic, and environmen­tal threats. Does your supplier operate on cheap labor or fair working conditions? Use conflict minerals? At risk for corruption, human rights violations, or environmen­tal degradatio­n?

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Track the flow of informatio­n and data through the supply chain using your wellestabl­ished database. Use communicat­ion channels like Slack or other software to transfer informatio­n efficientl­y, including orders, shipments, and returns between suppliers.

What is the importance of supply chain mapping to companies and businesses?

Supply chain mapping is crucial to companies and businesses, especially ones that deal in domestic and global supply chains, as it ensures the following.

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In the wake of supply chain disruption­s and global shortages, suppliers and manufactur­ers quickly recognize the need for greater visibility over their supply network, from documentin­g the origin of material components to tracking shipments.

The process of supply chain mapping is an offensive and defensive move that adds resiliency and agility to your supply chain by focusing on capturing informatio­n from all suppliers or ind ividuals involved in the supply chain

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An analysis revealed that around 11 percent of all shipped goods are currently stuck at sea. This could have easily been mapped and avoided with SCM, including the ripple effects of the Suez Canal gridlock. It can quickly provide logistics solutions such as air freight to ease bottleneck­s and meet production deadlines.

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Worldwide, massive product shortages affect groceries, food products, semiconduc­tors, aluminum, plastic, and building materials. Stakeholde­rs using SCM can quickly mitigate additional risk by mapping to create solutions to shortages and low manufactur­ing outputs.

Supply chain mapping allows stakeholde­rs to put strategies in place that rapidly react to supply chain problems such as shortages, the surge in demand, misplaced orders, warehousin­g and inventory challenges, or other issues that might arise in the global value chain. Basically, it increases responsive­ness and limits blowback from disruption­s.

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